| | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation Planetary K-index Now: Kp= 1 quiet 24-hr max: Kp= 2 quiet explanation | more data Interplanetary Mag. Field Btotal: 2.7 nT Bz: 2.4 nT north more data: ACE, DSCOVR Updated: Today at 2346 UT Coronal Holes: 04 May 17 There are no large coronal holes on the Earth side of the sun. Credit: NASA/SDO. Noctilucent Clouds The southern season for noctilucent clouds began on Nov. 17, 2016. Come back to this spot every day to see the "daily daisy" from NASA's AIM spacecraft, which is monitoring the dance of electric-blue around the Antarctic Circle. Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar Updated at: 02-24-2017 17:55:02 SPACE WEATHER NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2017 May 04 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 01 % | 01 % | CLASS X | 01 % | 01 % | Geomagnetic Storms: Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2017 May 04 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 10 % | MINOR | 05 % | 01 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 15 % | MINOR | 20 % | 15 % | SEVERE | 20 % | 15 % | | | | | | | | | | | | Lights Over lapland is excited to announce that Autumn Aurora Adventures are available for immediate booking! Reserve your adventure of a lifetime in Abisko National Park, Sweden today! | | | WAITING FOR THE STORM CLOUD: A CME that left the sun on April 30th has still not reached Earth. Forecasters raised the possibility of a glancing blow on May 3rd, but so far there is no sign of the advancing solar storm cloud. Either the CME missed or it might make a late arrival on May the 4th, sparking minor geomagnetic activity. Free: Aurora Alerts METEORS FROM HALLEY'S COMET: This week Earth is passing through a broad stream of debris from Halley's Comet, source of the annual eta Aquarid meteor shower. Specks of ancient dust from the comet are disintegrating in Earth's atmosphere producing a drizzle of shooting stars. Eliot Herman photographed this one streaking over Tucson, Arizona, before sunrise on May 3rd: "With clear skies this week, the hunt for eta Aquarids is on," says Herman. "This photo is from an all night series of fisheye images taken with a Nikon D810 at 15 sec each, ISO 3200." Forecasters expect the shower to peak on May 5th and 6th with 10 to 30 meteors per hour visible from the northern hemisphere, and twice that number from the southern hemisphere. No matter where you live, the best time to look is during the dark hours before local sunrise when the constellation Aquarius is rising in the east. Realtime Meteor Photo Gallery DONALD DUCK MIRAGE: Sunset photographers witness many different kind of mirages as the solar disk sinks below the waves: the inferior mirage, the Etruscan vase mirage, the green flash. On May 2nd, Marcella Giulia Pace of Marina di Ragusa, Sicily, witnessed something new. Behold, the Donald Duck mirage: "What can I say?" says Pace. "It looked like a duck!" The technical name for this well-known apparition is "mock mirage." It occurs when one or more temperature inversion layers form above the water's surface. These layers cut the sun into horizontal slices, each slice stressed or compressed according to the refractive properties of the inversion layer. In this case, it turned the sun into a Disney character. Sometimes, mock mirages end with a series of green and blue flashes. Read more about them here. Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery THESE PENDANTS HAVE TOUCHED SPACE: These pendants have touched space--and returned to Earth in time for Mother's Day. To support their cosmic ray monitoring program, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus flew a payload-full of jewelry to the stratosphere onboard a high-altitude helium balloon. Here's one of the pendants 113,200 feet above the Sierras of central California: These necklaces make great Mother's Day gifts--and you have have one for $89.95. Each glittering pendant comes with a greeting card showing the jewelry in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again. More far-out Mother's Day gifts may be found in the Earth to Sky Store. All proceeds support atmospheric radiation monitoring and hands-on STEM education. Realtime Comet Photo Gallery Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On May. 4, 2017, the network reported 19 fireballs. (10 sporadics, 9 eta Aquariids) In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On May 4, 2017 there were 1801 potentially hazardous asteroids. | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | 2017 FE157 | 2017-Apr-29 | 18.4 LD | 8.6 | 63 | 2017 HU3 | 2017-Apr-30 | 6.1 LD | 8.9 | 32 | 2017 HA5 | 2017-May-01 | 9.8 LD | 4.1 | 12 | 2017 JA | 2017-May-02 | 0.3 LD | 16 | 6 | 2017 HK1 | 2017-May-05 | 16.9 LD | 2.7 | 35 | 2015 VD1 | 2017-May-07 | 18.2 LD | 10.5 | 34 | 2017 HX4 | 2017-May-08 | 3.7 LD | 12 | 20 | 2017 HZ49 | 2017-May-09 | 15 LD | 5.4 | 29 | 2017 HP3 | 2017-May-10 | 19.6 LD | 17.4 | 181 | 2017 HU49 | 2017-May-11 | 5.6 LD | 1.8 | 20 | 2012 EC | 2017-May-16 | 19.5 LD | 4.5 | 74 | 2017 CS | 2017-May-29 | 8 LD | 9.1 | 468 | 418094 | 2017-Jun-01 | 8 LD | 23.2 | 490 | 2017 HV4 | 2017-Jun-10 | 19.5 LD | 4 | 52 | 2010 VB1 | 2017-Jun-16 | 10.3 LD | 8.3 | 81 | 471984 | 2017-Jun-18 | 19.1 LD | 7.7 | 102 | 441987 | 2017-Jun-24 | 7.9 LD | 12.7 | 178 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | Readers, thank you for your patience while we continue to develop this new section of Spaceweather.com. We've been working to streamline our data reduction, allowing us to post results from balloon flights much more rapidly, and we have developed a new data product, shown here: This plot displays radiation measurements not only in the stratosphere, but also at aviation altitudes. Dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. These measurements are made by our usual cosmic ray payload as it passes through aviation altitudes en route to the stratosphere over California. What is this all about? Approximately once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with radiation sensors that detect cosmic rays, a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. Cosmic rays can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. Furthermore, there are studies ( #1, #2, #3, #4) linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in the general population. Our latest measurements show that cosmic rays are intensifying, with an increase of more than 12% since 2015: Why are cosmic rays intensifying? The main reason is the sun. Solar storm clouds such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays when they pass by Earth. During Solar Maximum, CMEs are abundant and cosmic rays are held at bay. Now, however, the solar cycle is swinging toward Solar Minimum, allowing cosmic rays to return. Another reason could be the weakening of Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect us from deep-space radiation. The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. The data points in the graph above correspond to the peak of the Reneger-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Reneger and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." 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