| | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation Planetary K-index Now: Kp= 2 quiet 24-hr max: Kp= 2 quiet explanation | more data Interplanetary Mag. Field Btotal: 4.6 nT Bz: 0.7 nT north more data: ACE, DSCOVR Updated: Today at 2348 UT Coronal Holes: 07 Oct 17 Solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole could reach Earth on Oct. 10-11. Credit: NASA/SDO. Noctilucent Clouds Latest images from NASA's AIM spacecraft show that the 2017 northern summer season for noctilucent clouds has finished. Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar Updated at: 09-03-2017 01:55:03 SPACE WEATHER NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2017 Oct 07 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 01 % | 01 % | CLASS X | 01 % | 01 % | Geomagnetic Storms: Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2017 Oct 07 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 10 % | 10 % | MINOR | 01 % | 01 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 15 % | MINOR | 20 % | 15 % | SEVERE | 15 % | 10 % | | | | | | | | | | | | Lights Over Lapland is excited to announce that our Customizable Aurora Adventures are available for immediate booking! Reserve your adventure of a lifetime in Abisko National Park, Sweden today! | | | WEEKEND METEOR SHOWER: This weekend, Oct. 7th and 8th, Earth will pass through a network of dusty filaments shed by Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner, source of the annual Draconid meteor shower. Forecasters say sky watchers could see a few slow meteors per hour on Saturday and Sunday nights while the head of Draco the Dragon is above the horizon. Hours between sunset and midnight are good times to look. Sky map. MERCURY AND THE SOLAR EXPLOSION: On Oct. 6th, magnetic fields near the sun's western limb criss-crossed and exploded, sending a coronal mass ejection (CME) into space. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) caught the expanding cloud racing past Mercury: This CME will miss both Mercury and Earth. No geomagnetic storms are expected as a result of the explosion. Mercury is currently on the far side of the sun, passing almost directly behind our star. Astronomers call this "superior conjunction." At closest approach on Oct. 8th, the sun and Mercury will be only a little more than half a degree apart. Humans cannot see this event because of intense sunlight. SOHO, however, can; the spacecraft uses a coronagraph to block the glare. Join SOHO for a ringside seat this weekend. Free: Aurora Alerts Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery HARVEST MOONBOW: Last night's Harvest Moon was so bright, it did something normally reserved for the sun. It made a rainbow. Yuichi Takasaka photographed the phenomenon in the spray of Skógafoss, a waterfall in the south of Iceland: "It was a beautiful 'Harvest Moonbow'," says Takasaka. "Auroras slowing drifting overhead were an unexpected bonus." Moonbows and rainbows form in the same way: Light reflected from water droplets spreads into an arc of beautiful color. It takes an especially bright Moon, however, to make the phenomenon visible to the human eye. Did anyone else spot a Harvest Moonbow? Submit your images here. Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery SOLAR ECLIPSE IN THE STRATOSPHERE: On Aug. 21st during the Great American Solar Eclipse, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched 11 space weather balloons from the path of totality. They aimed to photograph the Moon's shadow from the stratosphere--and they succeeded. Looking down from a point more than 100,000 feet above Earth's surface, this GoPro video shows the inky-black shadow of the Moon darkening a 70-mile-wide patch of Wyoming and Nebraska: This video was assembled and edited by filmmaker Ginger Perez, a founding student member of Earth to Sky Calculus. The payload was sponsored by the Southern Maine Community College with Maine students joining the launch team as space weather balloon "trainees." Our next solar eclipse mission is already set: We plan to launch space weather balloons from Chile into a total eclipse on July 2, 2019. That one will be a sunset eclipse with the sun low on the horizon during the flight. The teams are looking forward to photographing the Moon's stretched-out shadow fringed by lovely sunset colors. Stay tuned for that! Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store All proceeds support hands-on STEM education Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Oct. 7, 2017, the network reported 10 fireballs. (10 sporadics) In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On October 7, 2017 there were 1842 potentially hazardous asteroids. Note to readers: A software bug that froze our daily asteroid count in recent months has been found and corrected. The scary numbers are increasing again! | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | 2017 SG20 | 2017-Oct-02 | 15.3 LD | 11.4 | 31 | 2017 SX17 | 2017-Oct-02 | 0.2 LD | 7.3 | 8 | 2017 SK20 | 2017-Oct-02 | 12.4 LD | 9.7 | 23 | 2017 SS16 | 2017-Oct-03 | 5.4 LD | 16.3 | 19 | 2017 SJ19 | 2017-Oct-04 | 17.2 LD | 5.5 | 12 | 2017 SO10 | 2017-Oct-04 | 16.7 LD | 8.4 | 41 | 2017 TF1 | 2017-Oct-04 | 10.9 LD | 2.4 | 18 | 2004 RE84 | 2017-Oct-04 | 15.3 LD | 16.1 | 129 | 2017 ST14 | 2017-Oct-04 | 16 LD | 17.3 | 73 | 2017 SO21 | 2017-Oct-04 | 16 LD | 5.7 | 33 | 2017 TB | 2017-Oct-05 | 1.1 LD | 6 | 5 | 2017 TH1 | 2017-Oct-06 | 16.9 LD | 8.9 | 33 | 2017 TA | 2017-Oct-06 | 2.7 LD | 11.3 | 39 | 2017 SN21 | 2017-Oct-10 | 9 LD | 7.6 | 22 | 2017 SB20 | 2017-Oct-11 | 9 LD | 7.1 | 39 | 2017 RV1 | 2017-Oct-12 | 17.8 LD | 10.9 | 347 | 2012 TC4 | 2017-Oct-12 | 0.1 LD | 7.6 | 16 | 2005 TE49 | 2017-Oct-13 | 8.5 LD | 11.2 | 16 | 2013 UM9 | 2017-Oct-15 | 17 LD | 7.8 | 39 | 2006 TU7 | 2017-Oct-18 | 18.7 LD | 13.3 | 148 | 2017 SY20 | 2017-Oct-20 | 18.9 LD | 7.1 | 54 | 2017 SH14 | 2017-Oct-20 | 15.3 LD | 6.8 | 43 | 171576 | 2017-Oct-22 | 5.8 LD | 21.2 | 677 | 2003 UV11 | 2017-Oct-31 | 15 LD | 24.5 | 447 | 444584 | 2017-Nov-17 | 8.7 LD | 14.8 | 324 | 2008 WM61 | 2017-Dec-03 | 3.8 LD | 4.7 | 16 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | Readers, thank you for your patience while we continue to develop this new section of Spaceweather.com. We've been working to streamline our data reduction, allowing us to post results from balloon flights much more rapidly, and we have developed a new data product, shown here: This plot displays radiation measurements not only in the stratosphere, but also at aviation altitudes. Dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. These measurements are made by our usual cosmic ray payload as it passes through aviation altitudes en route to the stratosphere over California. What is this all about? Approximately once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with radiation sensors that detect cosmic rays, a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. Cosmic rays can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. Furthermore, there are studies ( #1, #2, #3, #4) linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in the general population. Our latest measurements show that cosmic rays are intensifying, with an increase of more than 13% since 2015: Why are cosmic rays intensifying? The main reason is the sun. Solar storm clouds such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays when they pass by Earth. During Solar Maximum, CMEs are abundant and cosmic rays are held at bay. Now, however, the solar cycle is swinging toward Solar Minimum, allowing cosmic rays to return. Another reason could be the weakening of Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect us from deep-space radiation. The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. The data points in the graph above correspond to the peak of the Reneger-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Reneger and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | the underlying science of space weather | | Reviews here can help you to pick up best memory foam mattresses. | | These links help Spaceweather.com stay online. Thank you to our supporters! | | | | | | | | | | | | ©2017 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips. | |