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SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts |
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Updated at: 2026 Apr 29 2200 UTC
FLARE |
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
CLASS M |
65
% |
65
% |
CLASS X |
10
% |
10
% |
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant
disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor
storm, severe
storm
Updated at: 2026 Apr 29 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
30
% |
15
% |
MINOR |
15
% |
05
% |
SEVERE |
01
% |
01
% |
High latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
15
% |
15
% |
MINOR |
20
% |
20
% |
SEVERE |
20
% |
20
% |
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|
|
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|
|
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This is an AI Free Zone: AI is everywhere -- except here. Spaceweather.com is written by Dr. Tony Phillips, a carbon-based lifeform with 30 yrs of forecasting experience. If you find a mistake, rest assured it was made by a real human being.
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LOW CHANCE OF FLARES TODAY: Warning: This kind of forecast sometimes provokes an X-flare. Solar activity is quieting as sunspots on the solar disk lose their magnetic complexity. Sunspot 4425, in particular, has almost completely stopped flaring in the past 48 hours. Strong explosions are therefore unlikely on April 30th. Free: Space Weather Newsletter
NOW, AMAZON IS MAKING ITS OWN AURORAS: Et tu, Amazon? The April 27th launch of 29 new satellites for Amazon's Leo internet constellation did something originally made famous by SpaceX. It turned the upper atmosphere red. James Perez-Rogers photographed the phenomenon from the Ashokan Reservoir in New York:
He took this picture shortly after an Atlas 5 rocket lifted off from Cape Canaveral carrying Amazon's satellites. The rocket's second stage separated almost directly above New York with engines burning through the ionosphere. Perez-Rogers' timelapse movie captured both the separation and the 'red bloom.'
"I saw the red, and it distinctly followed the exhaust plume of the rocket," he says.
We're reported this red color before--sometimes calling it a "SpaceX aurora." It appears when rocket engines spray water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) into the ionosphere. A complicated series of charge exchange reactions between these molecules and oxygen ions (O+) produce photons at a wavelength of 6300 Å–the same color as red auroras.
The red glow is only temporary and seems to cause no harm. But with more rockets launching, more of these artificial red auroras will appear--maybe in a sky near you. Meanwhile, the Amazon Leo constellation now contains 239 satellites. It has some catching up to do.
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
THE WROUGHT IRON SPACE ROSE: This rose is genuine "star stuff." It is hand crafted from iron, the element formed in supernova explosions, and it has touched the edge of space. The students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched it to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon:
You can have it for $197.95. The metal bloom makes a great gift for Mother's Day (coming soon!), a romantic birthday or anniversary. With your purchase, you will also receive a greeting card showing the bloom in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Every night, a network
of NASA
all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United
States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software
maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office
calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth
in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics.
Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On April 27, 2026, the network reported 8 fireballs.
(7 sporadics, 1 eta Aquariids)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue).
[Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs)
are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that
can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the
known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet,
although astronomers are finding new
ones all the time.
On April 30, 2026 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
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Recent
& Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
| Asteroid |
Date(UT) |
Miss Distance |
Velocity (km/s) |
Diameter (m) |
| 2026 HZ1 |
2026-Apr-24 |
14 LD |
7.1 |
17 |
| 2026 HZ4 |
2026-Apr-24 |
0.1 LD |
13.3 |
4 |
| 2022 UU8 |
2026-Apr-25 |
8.7 LD |
4 |
9 |
| 2026 HE5 |
2026-Apr-25 |
2.8 LD |
7.7 |
12 |
| 2026 HP5 |
2026-Apr-26 |
0.8 LD |
8.6 |
9 |
| 2026 HP2 |
2026-Apr-26 |
13.3 LD |
10.9 |
30 |
| 2026 HR |
2026-Apr-27 |
16.6 LD |
7.6 |
22 |
| 2026 HJ3 |
2026-Apr-27 |
16.2 LD |
7.1 |
26 |
| 2026 GU1 |
2026-Apr-28 |
12.4 LD |
6.4 |
75 |
| 2026 HW |
2026-Apr-28 |
9.6 LD |
11.8 |
35 |
| 2026 HR5 |
2026-Apr-28 |
0.7 LD |
7 |
8 |
| 2026 HP3 |
2026-Apr-29 |
15.5 LD |
11.3 |
29 |
| 2026 HL3 |
2026-Apr-29 |
6.7 LD |
8.6 |
25 |
| 2026 HX3 |
2026-May-01 |
8.1 LD |
11.4 |
21 |
| 2026 HY3 |
2026-May-01 |
7.2 LD |
9 |
18 |
| 2026 HZ3 |
2026-May-01 |
4 LD |
8.4 |
31 |
| 2026 GW3 |
2026-May-02 |
13.9 LD |
5.8 |
21 |
| 2026 HA3 |
2026-May-02 |
5 LD |
12.1 |
46 |
| 2026 HD3 |
2026-May-02 |
8.4 LD |
11.5 |
20 |
| 2026 HE2 |
2026-May-03 |
15.5 LD |
6.6 |
24 |
| 2026 GD1 |
2026-May-03 |
14.6 LD |
6.6 |
48 |
| 2026 HK4 |
2026-May-05 |
11 LD |
20.3 |
23 |
| 2026 HN1 |
2026-May-06 |
9.2 LD |
14.2 |
66 |
| 2026 HA4 |
2026-May-07 |
4.1 LD |
9 |
20 |
| 2026 HY2 |
2026-May-07 |
5 LD |
9 |
34 |
| 2026 HD2 |
2026-May-08 |
17.7 LD |
10.7 |
43 |
| 2020 GE3 |
2026-May-09 |
11.1 LD |
5.9 |
21 |
| 2023 VR5 |
2026-May-16 |
7.5 LD |
2.3 |
10 |
| 2026 HC5 |
2026-May-17 |
7.1 LD |
6.7 |
21 |
| 2025 KR4 |
2026-May-18 |
15.2 LD |
5.9 |
22 |
| 2023 KH4 |
2026-May-24 |
5.5 LD |
7.9 |
14 |
| 2023 KZ1 |
2026-May-24 |
9 LD |
13.4 |
20 |
| 2026 HW2 |
2026-May-29 |
17.7 LD |
12.5 |
127 |
| 2023 BM4 |
2026-May-30 |
12.2 LD |
5.7 |
64 |
| 2021 KN2 |
2026-Jun-03 |
8.9 LD |
8.9 |
7 |
| 2018 GE |
2026-Jun-07 |
16.4 LD |
3.1 |
11 |
| 2016 VS |
2026-Jun-12 |
20 LD |
11.1 |
12 |
| 530520 |
2026-Jun-12 |
16.1 LD |
14.6 |
152 |
| 2003 LN6 |
2026-Jun-18 |
3.7 LD |
3.9 |
41 |
| 2025 WC4 |
2026-Jun-21 |
10.2 LD |
19.2 |
304 |
| 2015 LM24 |
2026-Jun-22 |
18.2 LD |
13.8 |
71 |
| 152637 |
2026-Jun-27 |
6.7 LD |
8.9 |
947 |
Notes: LD means
"Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance
between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256
AU.
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Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 10 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (Nov. 2024): Atmospheric radiation is sharply decreasing in 2024. Our latest measurements in November registered a 10-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
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The
official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| |
The
first place to look for information about sundogs,
pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| |
Researchers
call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO
is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| |
3D
views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial
Relations Observatory |
| |
Realtime
and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| |
information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
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current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics. |
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Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
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from
the NOAA Space Environment Center |
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fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
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from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
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the
underlying science of space weather |
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Got a chipped or cracked windshield that prevents you from seeing space weather events while driving? Get windshield replacement from SR Windows & Glass with free mobile auto glass service anywhere in the Phoenix area. |
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