| | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation Planetary K-index Now: Kp= 2 quiet 24-hr max: Kp= 4 unsettled explanation | more data Interplanetary Mag. Field Btotal: 8.1 nT Bz: -1.4 nT south more data: ACE, DSCOVR Updated: Today at 2345 UT Coronal Holes: 01 Apr 22 Solar wind flowing from this minor southern ccoronal hole should reach Earth on April 3-4. Credit: SDO/AIA Noctilucent Clouds The southern season for noctilucent clouds is over. It ended on Feb. 20, 2022, concluding the weakest NLC season in 14 years. The northern season will begin in late May.. Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar Updated at: SPACE WEATHER NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2022 Apr 01 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 75 % | 75 % | CLASS X | 30 % | 30 % | Geomagnetic Storms: Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2022 Apr 01 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 25 % | 45 % | MINOR | 10 % | 20 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 10 % | MINOR | 30 % | 35 % | SEVERE | 40 % | 55 % | | | | | | | | | | | | Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure! | | | GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH (G1-CLASS): Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on April 2nd and 3rd when CMEs from this week's strong solar flares are expected to graze Earth's magnetic field. Wednesday's X1.3-flare and Thursday's M9.6-flare both launched CMEs into space near the edge of the Earth strike zone. Glancing blows could spark a new round of high latitude auroras. Aurora alerts: SMS Text. THE PURPLE AFTERGLOW OF A CME: A Cannibal CME hit Earth's magnetic field on March 31st. Twenty-four hours later, observers are still seeing the afterglow. Marybeth Kiczenski took this picture before sunrise on April 1st from Grassy Butte, North Dakota: "Purple Auroras!!" exclaims Kiczenski. "I stayed up all night watching and finally noticed some purple pillars around 3:30 am." Auroras are usually green--a color that comes from oxygen atoms peppered by energetic partcles raining down from space. Purple, on the other hand, is rare. It is a sign of a strong display seen from a distance. Molecular nitrogen ions near the top of Earth's atmosphere glow purple. Because Kiczenski was far from the auroras, she could only see the purple top of the light show, while the lower green was hidden behind the trees and horizon. She wasn't the only one. Greg Ash of Duluth, Minnesota, saw the purple rays, too. Rocky Raybell of Keller, Washington, also photographed purple. more images: from Marybeth Kiczenski of Sundance, WY; from Sacha Layos of Fairbanks, AK; from Lyndon Anderson near Bismarck, ND; from Kevin Palmer of Decker, MT; from John Dean of Nome, AK; from Robert Trejo of Healy, AK; from Gunjan Sinha of Saskatoon, Canada; from Wade B Clark Jr of Sapphire Village, MT; from Ash Hanson-Steen of Ritzville, WA; from Rocky Raybell of Keller, WA; from Zach Schierl of Yakima, WA; from Jan Curtis of Cheyenne, WY; from Matthew Edwards of Big Horn National Forest, WY; from Matt Moffet of Billings, MT; Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter STERLING SILVER RAINBOW DRAGONFLY: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Nothing says "I love you" like a rainbow dragonfly from the edge of space. On Jan 28th, this sterling silver pendant hitched a ride onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon: You can have it for $172.95. The dragonfly's heart is a Celtic love knot, and its wings are decorated with a spray of rainbow-colored crystals. This item is 100% 925 sterling silver, lead-free, nickel-free, cadmium-free, and totally hypoallergenic. The students are selling dragonfly pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again. Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store All sales support hands-on STEM education Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Apr 01, 2022, the network reported 9 fireballs. (9 sporadics) In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On April 1, 2022 there were 2272 potentially hazardous asteroids. | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | 2022 FS3 | 2022-Mar-27 | 12.3 LD | 5.9 | 8 | 2022 FS | 2022-Mar-27 | 2 LD | 14.5 | 13 | 2022 FB2 | 2022-Mar-28 | 0.4 LD | 13.7 | 16 | 2022 FE | 2022-Mar-28 | 9 LD | 7.2 | 15 | 2022 FF1 | 2022-Mar-29 | 3.9 LD | 6.7 | 5 | 2022 FR1 | 2022-Mar-29 | 4.9 LD | 9.6 | 9 | 2022 EL5 | 2022-Mar-29 | 7.1 LD | 3 | 14 | 2010 GD35 | 2022-Mar-29 | 17.7 LD | 12.5 | 43 | 2022 FL4 | 2022-Mar-30 | 2 LD | 10.7 | 18 | 2022 EK1 | 2022-Mar-30 | 19 LD | 7.6 | 42 | 2022 FX1 | 2022-Mar-30 | 13.3 LD | 9.6 | 25 | 2022 FM2 | 2022-Mar-31 | 11.6 LD | 6.2 | 20 | 2022 FL1 | 2022-Mar-31 | 5 LD | 2.6 | 5 | 2020 FW5 | 2022-Mar-31 | 12 LD | 12.9 | 27 | 2022 FQ2 | 2022-Mar-31 | 6 LD | 9.4 | 16 | 2022 DX4 | 2022-Mar-31 | 16.7 LD | 6 | 39 | 2022 FF3 | 2022-Apr-01 | 2.6 LD | 5.3 | 10 | 2007 FF1 | 2022-Apr-01 | 19.4 LD | 12.8 | 155 | 2022 FQ | 2022-Apr-02 | 8 LD | 10.4 | 37 | 2021 GN1 | 2022-Apr-02 | 14.4 LD | 14.3 | 19 | 2016 GW221 | 2022-Apr-02 | 9.8 LD | 5.9 | 41 | 2022 FE2 | 2022-Apr-02 | 10 LD | 10.6 | 31 | 2022 FJ1 | 2022-Apr-02 | 16.5 LD | 5 | 27 | 2022 FL | 2022-Apr-03 | 8.7 LD | 7.3 | 20 | 2017 WN13 | 2022-Apr-04 | 6.3 LD | 19.5 | 102 | 2022 EN2 | 2022-Apr-04 | 18.7 LD | 5.6 | 37 | 2022 FG3 | 2022-Apr-04 | 12.6 LD | 7.4 | 23 | 2022 FO3 | 2022-Apr-04 | 6.7 LD | 11.3 | 23 | 2012 TV | 2022-Apr-05 | 19.2 LD | 18.1 | 32 | 2020 GH1 | 2022-Apr-09 | 16.8 LD | 7.2 | 28 | 2022 FT3 | 2022-Apr-10 | 19.8 LD | 11 | 21 | 2017 TO2 | 2022-Apr-10 | 17.9 LD | 11.6 | 78 | 363599 | 2022-Apr-12 | 19.3 LD | 24.5 | 221 | 2022 FR3 | 2022-Apr-14 | 18.3 LD | 8.4 | 92 | 2020 TQ6 | 2022-Apr-18 | 13.4 LD | 15.4 | 43 | 2022 FN3 | 2022-Apr-19 | 15.2 LD | 6.3 | 39 | 2017 UR2 | 2022-Apr-22 | 19.4 LD | 9.3 | 10 | 2020 VN1 | 2022-Apr-25 | 19.3 LD | 2.3 | 9 | 418135 | 2022-Apr-28 | 8.5 LD | 10.4 | 443 | 2017 XO2 | 2022-May-01 | 18.8 LD | 12.4 | 118 | 2017 HG1 | 2022-May-04 | 18.2 LD | 6 | 11 | 467460 | 2022-May-09 | 14.9 LD | 11.3 | 513 | 2019 JE | 2022-May-11 | 4.9 LD | 7.2 | 20 | 2012 UX68 | 2022-May-15 | 2.8 LD | 8.2 | 54 | 388945 | 2022-May-15 | 15 LD | 8.2 | 287 | 2013 UX | 2022-May-17 | 16.8 LD | 16.3 | 141 | 2021 WY | 2022-May-18 | 16.9 LD | 9 | 65 | 7335 | 2022-May-27 | 10.5 LD | 13.1 | 1108 | 2021 KO2 | 2022-May-30 | 3.1 LD | 14.8 | 9 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data: This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out. We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset. En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere: The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. .Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | the underlying science of space weather | | Going above and beyond to provide the best homes listings in the Comox real estate market to keep you up to date and informed | | BestCSGOGambling is the best site for everything related to CSGO gambling on the web | | To find reviews of new online casino sites in the UK try The Casino DB where there are hundreds of online casino reviews complete with bonuses and ratings. 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