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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 495.0 km/sec
density: 8.24 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C1
2002 UT Sep08
24-hr: C2
1710 UT Sep08
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 08 Sep 22
Expand: labels | no labels
Sunspot AR3096 is growing rapidly, but it does not yet pose a threat for strong flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 73
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 08 Sep 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 08 Sep 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 14.94
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 07 Sep 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 126 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 08 Sep 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +3.8% Elevated
48-hr change: +1.6%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 08 Sep 2022 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 3 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 4
unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.82 nT
Bz: 1.39 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 08 Sep 22

There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
Noctilucent cloud season is underway--but also nearing its end. AIM images show the polar ring of NLCs is contracting as northern summer winds down.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Sep08
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Sep 08 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
05 %
05 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Sep 08 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
20 %
20 %
MINOR
05 %
05 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
20 %
20 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
10 %
10 %
 
Thursday, Sep. 8, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

QUIET SUN: Today, solar activity is low. The solar disk is peppered with sunspots, but all of them have stable magnetic fields unlikely to explode. NOAA forecasters say there is a 5% chance of M-class flares and no more than a 1% chance of X-flares on Sept. 8th. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.

WHAT HEAT WAVES DO TO THE SUNSET: A record-breaking heat wave is smothering California this week. In some cities around the San Francisco Bay, daily records have been shattered by more than 10 degrees. It's even affecting the sunset:

"The sun split in two," says Mila Zinkova, who photographed the phenomenon just as a flock of cormorants flew by. It was Sept. 5th, one of the hottest September days ever on the beach in San Francisco.

San Francisco sunsets are often strange ("No two are ever the same," says Zinkova), but the heatwave may be amplifying the effect. Record-hot air (90 F) sitting on top of cool ocean water (60 F) creates unusually intense temperature gradients. When the sun passes behind the mix of hot and cold, the solar disk is naturally distorted.

In Zinkova's picture we see evidence of two thermal ducts trapping the sun's rays in relatively narrow layers. "The mirages were different in these two ducts," says Zinkova. "In the upper duct, the solar disk looked like a rectangle; in the lower duct it was more like a stack of pancakes."

The complete sunset may be seen on Zinkova's youtube channel.

Realtime Sunset Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

A PEARL FROM THE STRATOSPHERE: On Aug. 19th, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched a cosmic ray balloon to the edge of space, 104,002 ft high. This sterling silver pearl necklace went along for the ride:

You can have it for $169.95. The students are selling these pearls to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each cultured "space pearl" comes with greeting card showing the necklace in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space and back again. These make great birthday and Christmas gifts.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Sep 06, 2022, the network reported 10 fireballs.
(9 sporadics, 1 Sept. epsilon Perseid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On September 8, 2022 there were 2292 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 RD2
2022-Sep-03
8.4 LD
0.8
6
2022 QO31
2022-Sep-03
13.9 LD
8.4
50
2022 RB2
2022-Sep-03
0.7 LD
13
11
2022 RK
2022-Sep-04
9.4 LD
7.8
22
2022 QJ7
2022-Sep-05
14.8 LD
12
26
2022 QU5
2022-Sep-05
19.2 LD
7.1
31
2022 RW
2022-Sep-05
2.9 LD
11.2
73
2022 QC7
2022-Sep-06
12.2 LD
9.1
22
2022 QR31
2022-Sep-06
19.9 LD
11.3
54
2022 RR1
2022-Sep-07
1.9 LD
8.2
17
2022 QB22
2022-Sep-09
14.2 LD
17.5
59
2022 QF2
2022-Sep-11
19.1 LD
8.4
44
2022 RE
2022-Sep-11
6 LD
12.3
22
2022 RJ2
2022-Sep-12
3 LD
15.9
14
2008 RW
2022-Sep-12
17.5 LD
10.2
98
2022 RQ
2022-Sep-13
9.8 LD
13.8
27
2020 UR1
2022-Sep-14
19.7 LD
6.2
27
2022 RJ1
2022-Sep-15
19.7 LD
3.3
19
2020 PT4
2022-Sep-15
18.8 LD
10.8
39
2022 QD1
2022-Sep-16
19.5 LD
9.5
74
2005 RX3
2022-Sep-18
12.4 LD
17.5
123
2022 QB37
2022-Sep-18
17.2 LD
9.2
56
2022 QJ50
2022-Sep-19
11 LD
10.2
34
2022 QH8
2022-Sep-22
10.6 LD
15.3
54
2022 QK36
2022-Sep-23
18.7 LD
3.7
22
2022 RM
2022-Sep-25
14.2 LD
10
32
2016 HF2
2022-Sep-29
19.2 LD
5.6
21
2018 ER1
2022-Oct-02
14.7 LD
4
27
2018 VG
2022-Oct-05
18.5 LD
6.7
12
2021 TJ10
2022-Oct-06
19.6 LD
8.1
6
2006 SG7
2022-Oct-07
16.7 LD
18.4
93
2013 TJ6
2022-Oct-07
11.7 LD
14.4
32
2013 SL20
2022-Oct-14
6.2 LD
12.1
45
2020 TO2
2022-Oct-15
1.4 LD
12.6
18
2020 BD
2022-Oct-16
12.1 LD
11.4
20
2022 QM6
2022-Oct-17
19.8 LD
4.2
69
2016 TH94
2022-Oct-25
19.1 LD
13.5
43
2019 AN5
2022-Oct-27
20 LD
6.8
213
2004 UT1
2022-Oct-29
4 LD
6.3
17
2021 VH
2022-Nov-01
5.9 LD
5.3
4
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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