| | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation Planetary K-index Now: Kp= 1 quiet 24-hr max: Kp= 2 quiet explanation | more data Interplanetary Mag. Field Btotal: 3.8 nT Bz: -2.0 nT south more data: ACE, DSCOVR Updated: Today at 2240 UT Coronal Holes: 08 Dec 21 There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun. Credit: SDO/AIA Noctilucent Clouds The southern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds is about to begin. Wisps of summertime water vapor are wafting up to the mesosphere above Antarctica. Soon, water molecules will stick to specks of meteor smoke and the electric-blue clouds will appear--probably no later than mid-December. Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar Updated at: SPACE WEATHER NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2021 Dec 08 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 01 % | 01 % | CLASS X | 01 % | 01 % | Geomagnetic Storms: Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2021 Dec 08 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 10 % | 25 % | MINOR | 01 % | 05 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 15 % | MINOR | 20 % | 30 % | SEVERE | 15 % | 30 % | | | | | | | | | | | | Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure! | | | A CME WILL BARELY MISS EARTH LATER THIS WEEK: On Dec. 5th, a magnetic filament in the sun's southern hemisphere exploded. The swirling debris will probably sail just south of our planet on Dec. 10th. No geomagnetic storms are expected, but the near miss could spark auroras around the poles. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text SUNRISE SOLAR ECLIPSE: Last weekend's Antarctic solar eclipse was so remote, some photos have taken days to reach us. It's worth the wait. The latest snapshot comes from Judy Anderson, who watched the eclipse from the deck of the National Geographic/Lindblad ship Endurance: "This image shows the Dec. 4th total eclipse as seen from the South Atlantic Ocean between South Georgia Island and the Falklands," explains Anderson. "The sun is flattened and reddened from its low altitude, about 1/2 degree above the horizon." Realtime Solar Eclipse Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter WHERE IS COMET LEONARD? A better question might be, when is Comet Leonard (C/2021 A1)? To see the brightest comet of the year, you have to wake up before sunrise. Go outside while the sky is still dark and look east toward the constellation Serpens. "It is an easy target for DLSR cameras," reports Matti Helin, who sends this picture from southern Finland: "I would have made a longer exposure, but It was a rather cool morning, -21 degrees Celsius!" says Helin. Comet Leonard is rapidly brightening as it approaches Earth for a close encounter on Dec. 12th (35 million km). Just this morning it cracked 6th magnitude, making it barely visible to the unaided eye. Between now and Dec. 12th the comet could brighten another 5-fold to magnitude +4. Small telescopes and binoculars will have no trouble finding the green fuzzball in the pre-dawn sky, although it may remain a challenge for naked eyes. Above: The blue curve traces the predicted brightness of Comet Leonard. Crosses are recent observations. Credit: Comet Observation Database How can the brightest comet of the year be "barely visible?" 2021 is not a good year for comets. None of the ice balls flying through the inner Solar System this year has brightened enough for casual sky watchers to easily see. Comet Leonard is the least dim of an underwhelming collection. Now for the good news: The view through a telescope is out of this world. Comet Leonard sky maps: Dec. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter GIFTS FROM THE EDGE OF SPACE: Christmas is coming. Are you looking for a far-out gift? Check out the Earth to Sky Store. It's filled with unique items that have flown to the edge of space onboard cosmic ray research balloons. These unique gifts have flown above 99.7% of Earth's atmosphere, experiencing space-like blasts of cosmic rays, extreme cold, and a wild ride parachuting back to Earth after the balloon explodes. Even Amazon doesn't carry items this far out. Don't forget to enter coupon code "BLACKPEARL" at checkout for a 15% Extended Black Friday discount. Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store All sales support hands-on STEM education Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Dec 08, 2021, the network reported 26 fireballs. (12 sporadics, 10 sigma Hydrids, 3 Geminids, 1 Nov. omega Orionid) In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On December 8, 2021 there were 2242 potentially hazardous asteroids. | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | 2021 XQ3 | 2021-Dec-03 | 17.1 LD | 20.1 | 43 | 2021 XP2 | 2021-Dec-03 | 2.7 LD | 7.5 | 27 | 2021 XN3 | 2021-Dec-03 | 8.3 LD | 12.8 | 73 | 2021 WZ1 | 2021-Dec-03 | 2 LD | 13 | 16 | 2021 XH3 | 2021-Dec-03 | 11 LD | 4.4 | 36 | 2021 XM2 | 2021-Dec-03 | 7.4 LD | 20.6 | 22 | 2021 XG3 | 2021-Dec-04 | 14.6 LD | 7.8 | 21 | 2021 XA1 | 2021-Dec-04 | 13.9 LD | 8.1 | 15 | 2021 XG2 | 2021-Dec-04 | 18 LD | 12.9 | 133 | 2021 XF1 | 2021-Dec-04 | 0.8 LD | 7.8 | 4 | 2021 XV3 | 2021-Dec-04 | 16.6 LD | 7.5 | 22 | 2021 UP4 | 2021-Dec-04 | 13.9 LD | 8.3 | 53 | 2021 XC2 | 2021-Dec-05 | 0.8 LD | 9.5 | 4 | 2021 WZ2 | 2021-Dec-05 | 8.4 LD | 13.5 | 21 | 2021 XF | 2021-Dec-05 | 2.3 LD | 8.2 | 8 | 2021 XY3 | 2021-Dec-05 | 5.3 LD | 16.9 | 17 | 2021 XU | 2021-Dec-05 | 16.6 LD | 17.8 | 31 | 2021 WA5 | 2021-Dec-05 | 8.7 LD | 5.8 | 13 | 2021 VX7 | 2021-Dec-06 | 14.8 LD | 6.1 | 42 | 2021 WE1 | 2021-Dec-06 | 5.6 LD | 9 | 20 | 2021 WM2 | 2021-Dec-06 | 8.2 LD | 12.3 | 23 | 2021 XT1 | 2021-Dec-06 | 8 LD | 5.3 | 7 | 2021 WL2 | 2021-Dec-06 | 7 LD | 7.5 | 15 | 2021 XE | 2021-Dec-06 | 4 LD | 3.1 | 6 | 2021 XA3 | 2021-Dec-07 | 14.6 LD | 8.2 | 19 | 2021 XN2 | 2021-Dec-07 | 2.3 LD | 7.4 | 13 | 2021 XT3 | 2021-Dec-07 | 7.6 LD | 7 | 12 | 2021 XC | 2021-Dec-08 | 6.5 LD | 6.9 | 20 | 2021 WT4 | 2021-Dec-08 | 10.8 LD | 6.4 | 17 | 2021 WA3 | 2021-Dec-09 | 17.2 LD | 7 | 17 | 2021 WW3 | 2021-Dec-09 | 5.6 LD | 7.6 | 14 | 2021 XX2 | 2021-Dec-09 | 2 LD | 6.3 | 7 | 2021 XM3 | 2021-Dec-10 | 6.9 LD | 12.6 | 71 | 2021 XZ2 | 2021-Dec-10 | 8.3 LD | 18.8 | 21 | 2021 WV1 | 2021-Dec-11 | 1.5 LD | 3 | 7 | 2021 XQ2 | 2021-Dec-11 | 10 LD | 16.4 | 30 | 2021 XG | 2021-Dec-11 | 7.7 LD | 4.8 | 9 | 4660 | 2021-Dec-11 | 10.3 LD | 6.6 | 759 | 2021 XD2 | 2021-Dec-11 | 3.5 LD | 6.9 | 13 | 2021 WJ3 | 2021-Dec-11 | 9.9 LD | 5.5 | 20 | 2021 WQ1 | 2021-Dec-12 | 7.8 LD | 8.8 | 27 | 2021 XE3 | 2021-Dec-12 | 2.1 LD | 6.9 | 13 | 2021 WZ5 | 2021-Dec-13 | 4.6 LD | 1.9 | 5 | 2021 VW27 | 2021-Dec-13 | 18.7 LD | 8.4 | 38 | 2019 XQ1 | 2021-Dec-13 | 14.1 LD | 9.1 | 30 | 2021 WW2 | 2021-Dec-13 | 14.3 LD | 10.9 | 28 | 2021 VT6 | 2021-Dec-14 | 7.7 LD | 6.9 | 49 | 2021 WZ4 | 2021-Dec-14 | 5 LD | 14.1 | 39 | 2004 YC | 2021-Dec-15 | 18.4 LD | 8.1 | 27 | 163899 | 2021-Dec-17 | 14.2 LD | 5.6 | 1093 | 2021 LX3 | 2021-Dec-18 | 19.7 LD | 6.5 | 124 | 2016 YY10 | 2021-Dec-21 | 11.3 LD | 9.2 | 23 | 2017 XQ60 | 2021-Dec-21 | 13.7 LD | 15.7 | 47 | 2016 TR54 | 2021-Dec-24 | 16.9 LD | 15.5 | 135 | 2018 AH | 2021-Dec-27 | 11.9 LD | 12.7 | 112 | 2017 AE3 | 2021-Dec-29 | 9.3 LD | 19.1 | 155 | 2014 YE15 | 2022-Jan-06 | 19.3 LD | 6.4 | 8 | 2020 AP1 | 2022-Jan-07 | 4.6 LD | 5.7 | 4 | 2013 YD48 | 2022-Jan-11 | 14.6 LD | 14.8 | 107 | 2021 BA | 2022-Jan-18 | 9.8 LD | 9.1 | 22 | 7482 | 2022-Jan-18 | 5.2 LD | 19.6 | 1732 | 2018 PN22 | 2022-Jan-21 | 11.4 LD | 2.7 | 11 | 2017 XC62 | 2022-Jan-24 | 18.7 LD | 4.3 | 112 | 2021 BZ | 2022-Jan-27 | 17.6 LD | 14.6 | 39 | 2018 CA1 | 2022-Feb-05 | 9.8 LD | 15.1 | 32 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data: This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out. We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset. En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere: The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. .Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | the underlying science of space weather | | Going above and beyond to provide the best homes listings in the Comox real estate market to keep you up to date and informed | | Looking for sports betting companies not registered on GamStop? CasinoGap has presented a list of sites not on GamStop available for UK players. Check and bet online! Would you like to bet at sites not using GamStop? Look at a list of NonStopCasino sites for online betting that aren't on GamStop. 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