 | | | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation  Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 3.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 4.67 unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.71 nT
Bz: -2.51 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT Coronal Holes: 10 Feb 25 
Earth is inside a stream of solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole. Credit: NASA/SDO | more data  Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough: 
On Feb 09, 2025, the Arctic stratosphere is cold enough for Type II clouds. | more data. Noctilucent Clouds
The southern season for noctilucent clouds (NLCs) is underway!. The first clouds were detected over Antarctica on Nov. 19, 2024. Here is the current NLC map from the NOAA 21 satellite.
Updated: Feb. 7, 2025
An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). In the daily map, above, each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2025 Feb 10 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 55 % | 40 % | CLASS X | 10 % | 05 % | Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2025 Feb 10 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 40 % | 40 % | MINOR | 20 % | 20 % | SEVERE | 05 % | 05 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 10 % | 10 % | MINOR | 25 % | 25 % | SEVERE | 60 % | 55 % | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, but frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being. | | | THE SOLAR WIND HAS ARRIVED: Earth has entered a stream of solar wind flowing from a crescent-shaped hole in the sun's atmosphere. It has already caused one minor G1-class geomagnetic storm, and more are possible as Earth moves deeper into the stream. Arctic auroras are likely on Feb. 10th and 11th. Aurora alerts: SMS Text. REINDEER AND AURORAL SPIKES: Solar wind is blowing around Earth faster than 550 km/s. Petr Horálek saw the resulting glow along with a herd of reindeer from Kilpisjärvi, Finland: 
"On Jan. 9th, my friends and I drove 4 hours from cloudy Tromso to clear skies in Finland," says Horálek. "We were well rewarded. The aurora was truly brilliant while a giant herd of reindeer crossed a frozen lake where we stopped. The aurora created an incredible view with its 'spikes' structure; I had never seen anything like it." more images: from Ivar Hamberg of Umeå, Sweden; from Yrjö Benson of Ylläsjärvi, Lapland, Finland Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter SUPERIOR CONJUNCTION OF MERCURY: NOAA's new coronagraph for space weather forecasting can do astronomy, too. Yesterday, it recorded a superior conjunction of Mercury only a few degrees from the sun: 
This is CCOR-1, a coronagraph onboard NOAA's GOES-19 satellite. Using an occulting disk to block the glare, CCOR-1 delivers uninterrupted monitoring of CMEs, stars, planets and comets near the sun. In the short animation, above, Mercury is the bright star-like object directly below the artificially-eclipsed sun. There's nothing special about a solar conjunction of Mercury. They happen every two months, more or less. However, observing this event confirms that CCOR-1 is operating as expected with impressive sensitivity. The two objects to the left of Mercury are delta Capricornus (magnitude +2.9) and gamma Capricornus (+3.7), two faint stars impossible to see from Earth when they are so close to the sun. CCOR-1 picked them up with ease. On April 4th, GOES-19 will be fully operational, and NOAA will begin using CCOR-1 for regular space weather forecasts. Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter VALENTINE'S GIFTS FROM THE EDGE OF SPACE: Does your sweetheart love space? Shop the Earth to Sky Store for their perfect Valentine's gift. All items have flown to the stratosphere on board cosmic ray research balloons--and from now until Feb. 14th, everything is 10% off:
Each purchase comes with a greeting card showing the item in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again. Don't forget to enter the coupon code "FAROUT" for your Valentine's discount! Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
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Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Realtime Comet ATLAS Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Feb 09, 2025, the network reported 5 fireballs.
(5 sporadics)  In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On February 10, 2025 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | | 2025 CQ3 | 2025-Feb-05 | 10.3 LD | 15.5 | 29 | | 2025 CC | 2025-Feb-05 | 16.7 LD | 4.8 | 11 | | 2025 CQ | 2025-Feb-05 | 5.9 LD | 16.9 | 47 | | 2025 CQ1 | 2025-Feb-05 | 2.3 LD | 18.1 | 20 | | 2025 CM | 2025-Feb-05 | 0.8 LD | 6.6 | 14 | | 2025 CA1 | 2025-Feb-05 | 2.9 LD | 9.7 | 10 | | 2025 CK1 | 2025-Feb-06 | 4.1 LD | 10.1 | 9 | | 2025 CR1 | 2025-Feb-06 | 1.3 LD | 6 | 3 | | 2025 CP1 | 2025-Feb-06 | 1.5 LD | 11.1 | 7 | | 2025 CJ | 2025-Feb-06 | 1.6 LD | 4.9 | 8 | | 2025 CZ1 | 2025-Feb-07 | 0.8 LD | 12.8 | 5 | | 2016 CO248 | 2025-Feb-07 | 13.5 LD | 5.9 | 11 | | 2020 GZ2 | 2025-Feb-07 | 17.7 LD | 8.9 | 9 | | 2022 PK1 | 2025-Feb-07 | 15 LD | 11 | 33 | | 2025 CG | 2025-Feb-08 | 5.5 LD | 9 | 18 | | 2025 CK | 2025-Feb-08 | 5.4 LD | 5.1 | 8 | | 2025 CT3 | 2025-Feb-09 | 19.7 LD | 16.9 | 57 | | 2012 PB20 | 2025-Feb-09 | 3.5 LD | 4.3 | 37 | | 2025 CJ3 | 2025-Feb-10 | 6.1 LD | 8.7 | 22 | | 2025 CF1 | 2025-Feb-10 | 11.3 LD | 12.6 | 26 | | 2025 CO | 2025-Feb-10 | 14.4 LD | 10.1 | 19 | | 2025 CV | 2025-Feb-12 | 12.4 LD | 9.4 | 15 | | 2025 CL3 | 2025-Feb-13 | 9.3 LD | 12.5 | 31 | | 2025 CN2 | 2025-Feb-13 | 3.9 LD | 8.4 | 9 | | 2025 CR | 2025-Feb-15 | 13 LD | 10.1 | 31 | | 2004 XG | 2025-Feb-16 | 15.6 LD | 9.1 | 54 | | 2025 CO1 | 2025-Feb-16 | 18.1 LD | 7.4 | 26 | | 2025 BX1 | 2025-Feb-16 | 7.2 LD | 10.3 | 48 | | 2024 UD26 | 2025-Feb-16 | 16.8 LD | 9.3 | 250 | | 2025 CA2 | 2025-Feb-18 | 13.3 LD | 7.4 | 21 | | 2014 CE13 | 2025-Feb-19 | 9 LD | 16.8 | 55 | | 2022 DG2 | 2025-Feb-19 | 11.5 LD | 10.4 | 7 | | 2016 AX165 | 2025-Feb-20 | 14.9 LD | 9.2 | 89 | | 2025 CY3 | 2025-Feb-22 | 12.2 LD | 7.9 | 41 | | 2015 BK509 | 2025-Feb-25 | 9.4 LD | 14.6 | 119 | | 2023 RW3 | 2025-Feb-25 | 7.4 LD | 5.1 | 18 | | 2025 CV1 | 2025-Mar-02 | 16.5 LD | 10.4 | 49 | | 535844 | 2025-Mar-05 | 9.6 LD | 7.9 | 149 | | 2021 EU3 | 2025-Mar-10 | 10.7 LD | 4.4 | 13 | | 2025 CT1 | 2025-Mar-13 | 19.4 LD | 2.9 | 29 | | 2020 FO | 2025-Mar-15 | 13.4 LD | 20.6 | 23 | | 2025 CX1 | 2025-Mar-15 | 19.9 LD | 8.4 | 43 | | 2021 FH1 | 2025-Mar-21 | 3.9 LD | 13.8 | 31 | | 2014 TN17 | 2025-Mar-26 | 13.3 LD | 21.5 | 174 | | 2020 VA4 | 2025-Mar-30 | 11.6 LD | 5.6 | 12 | | 2022 FR3 | 2025-Apr-01 | 6.6 LD | 7.4 | 102 | | 2020 XT2 | 2025-Apr-04 | 13.6 LD | 6.2 | 41 | | 2023 GC2 | 2025-Apr-04 | 17.3 LD | 6.3 | 12 | | 2020 FH4 | 2025-Apr-04 | 12.8 LD | 3 | 7 | | 2025 BC10 | 2025-Apr-05 | 9.7 LD | 22.9 | 473 | | 2007 SQ6 | 2025-Apr-05 | 10.9 LD | 6.6 | 129 | | 2003 GQ22 | 2025-Apr-07 | 19.6 LD | 8.9 | 180 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 10 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results (Nov. 2024): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2024. Our latest measurements in November registered a 10-year low: 
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | | current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics. | | | Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | the underlying science of space weather |  | Got a chipped or cracked windshield that prevents you from seeing space weather events while driving? Get windshield replacement from SR Windows & Glass with free mobile auto glass service anywhere in the Phoenix area. | | BestCSGOGambling is the best site for everything related to CSGO gambling on the web | | | These links help Spaceweather.com stay online. Thank you to our supporters! | | | | | | | | |  | | |  | ©2021 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips. | |
