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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 464.2 km/sec
density: 11.66 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: B8
2232 UT Oct14
24-hr: M1
0944 UT Oct14
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 14 Oct 22
Expand: labels | no labels
None of these sunspots poses a threat for strong solar flares. All quiet! Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 57
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 14 Oct 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 14 Oct 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 16.76
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 14 Oct 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 141 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 14 Oct 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +6.2% Elevated
48-hr change: +0.9%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 14 Oct 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 4
unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 11.98 nT
Bz: 9.05 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 14 Oct 22

There are no large coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The summer season for northern noctilucent clouds has ended; the southern season will begin in November.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Oct14
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Oct 14 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
25 %
15 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Oct 14 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
35 %
25 %
MINOR
10 %
10 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
30 %
25 %
SEVERE
45 %
35 %
 
Friday, Oct. 14, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

RING OF FIRE SOLAR ECLIPSE: Mark your calendars. One year from today, Oct. 14, 2023, the Moon will pass in front of the sun, producing a 'ring of fire' annular eclipse over the USA. Maps, time tables, and eclipse glasses are available from GreatAmericanEclipse.com.

LUCY'S SUPER-CLOSE FLYBY OF EARTH: Most spacecraft try to avoid hitting the atmosphere. Lucy is about to do it on purpose. On Oct. 16th, NASA's Lucy spacecraft will skim Earth's atmosphere, passing only 220 miles (350 kilometers) above our planet's surface. Near closest approach over Australia it will be visible to the naked eye glowing almost as brightly as a 1st magnitude star.

This is a gravity assist maneuver--the first of three required for Lucy's complicated mission to visit 8 different asteroids. The slingshot will give Lucy the energy it needs to fly towards the asteroid belt and, its ultimate destination, the orbit of Jupiter.

Named for a hominid fossil found in 1974 in Africa, Lucy is on a mission to study a completely different kind of relic: the Trojan asteroids. These are primitive leftovers from the formation of our solar system, collected into swarms around two of Jupiter's Lagrange points. Sensors onboard the spacecraft will examine their appearance and composition, putting competing theories of planetary genesis to the test.

To reach the Trojans, Lucy must first return to Earth. Launched on Oct. 16, 2021, the spacecraft is coming home after exactly one year in space. Lucy's trajectory will bring it deep into near Earth orbit, passing through a region full of Earth-orbiting satellites and debris. NASA will be ready to make last-minute adjustments to avoid collisions. The altitude is so low, the mission team had to include the effect of atmospheric drag when designing the flyby. Passing so close allows Lucy to extract maximum energy from Earth's gravitational field.


On the left, the location in the sky where Lucy will first appear when it emerges from the Earth's shadow for the Western United States. Red stars correspond to cities on the right.

Observers in western Australia will be the first to see Lucy. At around 10:55 UTC (6:55 p.m. local time) on Oct. 16th, the spacecraft will race overhead shining like a 1st or 2nd magnitude star. At the apex of its brightness, it will suddenly disappear into Earth's shadow, vanishing at 11:02 UTC (7:02 p.m. local time).

Lucy will continue over the Pacific Ocean in darkness and emerge from the Earth's shadow at 4:26 a.m. PDT (11:26 UTC). By that time it will have dimmed to 6th or 7th magnitude. Amateur astronomers in the western United States should be able to see Lucy using binoculars or a small telescope.

After the gravity assist, Lucy will recede from Earth, passing by the Moon and taking a few pictures before continuing out into interplanetary space. It might remain bright enough to see using backyard telescopes for more than 24 hours.

Want to see Lucy? You can spot the spacecraft using observing tips from the Southwest Research Institute. Ephemerides from JPL are recommended, too.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

IMPERIAL STORM TROOPER WHISKEY DECANTER: It's the perfect gift for a Star Wars fan--a Storm Trooper Whiskey Decanter from the edge of space. On Oct. 10th, it hitched a ride onboard a cosmic ray research balloon floating 106,066 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California:

You can have it for $166.95. The 750 ml decanter comes with a greeting card showing the item in flight, and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again. All purchases from the Earth to Sky Store help pay the helium bill for our student ballooning program.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Oct 14, 2022, the network reported 23 fireballs.
(19 sporadics, 1 Orionid, 1 Oct. delta Aurigid, 1 epsilon Geminid, 1 chi Taurid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On October 14, 2022 there were 2299 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 SB29
2022-Oct-09
4.5 LD
7.6
15
2022 SV11
2022-Oct-09
17.1 LD
14.4
35
2022 SE10
2022-Oct-10
5.5 LD
10.9
29
2022 TS
2022-Oct-10
2.3 LD
16.6
13
2022 RA5
2022-Oct-12
13.1 LD
5.1
38
2022 TE1
2022-Oct-13
2.1 LD
11.1
13
2022 SG6
2022-Oct-13
15.7 LD
10.9
91
2013 SL20
2022-Oct-14
6.3 LD
12.2
45
2022 TK1
2022-Oct-14
10 LD
13
17
2022 SY10
2022-Oct-15
6.4 LD
3.2
15
2022 SK48
2022-Oct-15
17.7 LD
10.2
57
2020 TO2
2022-Oct-15
1.4 LD
12.6
18
2020 BD
2022-Oct-16
12.1 LD
11.4
20
2022 SK15
2022-Oct-16
9.5 LD
15.8
59
2022 QM6
2022-Oct-16
19.6 LD
4.2
69
2022 SF63
2022-Oct-19
5.5 LD
3.9
10
2022 RB5
2022-Oct-22
13.1 LD
5.3
115
2005 AZ28
2022-Oct-24
11.5 LD
5.4
48
2016 TH94
2022-Oct-25
19.1 LD
13.5
43
2022 TY
2022-Oct-25
15.1 LD
5.1
20
2019 AN5
2022-Oct-27
20 LD
6.8
215
2004 UT1
2022-Oct-29
4 LD
6.3
17
2021 VH
2022-Nov-01
5.9 LD
5.3
4
2022 RM4
2022-Nov-01
6 LD
23.5
443
2020 WD
2022-Nov-08
3 LD
6
8
2019 XS
2022-Nov-10
16.7 LD
11.9
60
2019 VL5
2022-Nov-15
8.5 LD
8.1
24
2018 WH
2022-Nov-16
2.5 LD
7.7
4
2019 OR1
2022-Nov-21
18.1 LD
13.4
246
2005 LW3
2022-Nov-23
3 LD
13.5
168
2010 VQ
2022-Dec-02
11.9 LD
3.9
10
2009 HV58
2022-Dec-02
12.3 LD
28.8
427
2017 QL33
2022-Dec-03
16 LD
6.9
195
2019 XY
2022-Dec-10
3.6 LD
12.9
9
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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