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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 425.9 km/sec
density: 4.53 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1145 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C4
1809 UT Mar19
24-hr: C4
1809 UT Mar19
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 19 Mar 23
Expand: labels | no labels
Sunspot complex AR3256-57 is crackling with C-class solar flares and appears capable of much stronger eruptions. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 35
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 19 Mar 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 19 Mar 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 22.09
x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 19 Mar 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 140 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 19 Mar 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -2.0% Below Average
48-hr change: -0.1%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 19 Mar 2023 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3.00
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.84 nT
Bz: -1.90 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1145 UT
Coronal Holes: 19 Mar 23

Solar wind flowing from this large southern coronal hole should reach Earth on March 23-24.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
Bad news: NASA's AIM spacecraft, which monitors noctilucent clouds, may be dead due to problems with an onboard battery. Mission controllers have not yet given up all hope, so stay tuned.
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Mar19
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Mar 19 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
25 %
25 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Mar 19 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
30 %
35 %
MINOR
15 %
15 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
30 %
30 %
SEVERE
45 %
50 %
 
Sunday, Mar. 19, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: Minor (G1-class) geomagnetic storms could happen on March 20-21 due to a possible glancing blow from an incoming CME. The CME was hurled into space on March 17th by the eruption of a magnetic filament containing dark plasma. Because of the "Russell-McPherron effect," even a weak impact around the equinox could spark a good display of high latitude auroras,. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

APPROACHING SUNSPOTS: A group of large sunspots is emerging over the sun's southwestern limb. In Castano Primo, Italy, amateur astronomer Alessandro Gambaro targeted the region with his solar telescope and photographed multiple dark cores larger than Earth:

So far these sunspots are crackling with only minor C-class solar flares, but they appear capable of larger explosions. In fact, this could be the sunspot group that produced an "Extremely Rare" superfast CME last week while it was still on the farside of the sun. If so, a potent active region is moving into Earth's strike zone. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.

more images: from Pepe Manteca of Begues, Catalunya, Spain

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
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SOLAR TORNADO: For much of the past week, astronomers have been watching a collossal "solar tornado" dance near the sun's North Pole. "This thing was twisting and growing for 3 days," says Apollo Lasky of Naperville, Illinois, who made the following movie using images from SDO

"I've never seen anything like it in all my years of watching the sun," he says. "It never stops--amazing!"

Unlike tornadoes on Earth, which are shaped by wind, tornadoes on the sun are controlled by magnetism. Solar magnetic fields twist in a furious spiral, dragging clouds of plasma around with them.

This particular twister finally overtorqued itself. On March 18th it spun out and hurled a cloud of magnetized gas into space. The show is over! Ejecta from the unraveling is flying up from the sun's North Pole and will not hit Earth.

more images: from Efrain Morales Rivera of Aguadilla, Puerto Rico

ANOTHER DARK PLASMA ERUPTION: Warning: This post may give you a sense of déjà vu. On March 17th, a magnetic filament filled with dark plasma erupted from the southwestern quadrant of the sun:

This is almost identical to a dark plasma eruption last week. The March 11th blast threw a CME at our planet and sparked G2-class geomagnetic storms when it arrived 3 days later. Auroras were sighted in both hemispheres.

The March 17th eruption might do the same. NOAA forecasters say a CME is on the way and it could arrive on March 20th. Stay tuned for updates. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
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RARE MR. SPOCK MUG: It's the logical way to wake up in the morning: Coffee in a rare Mr. Spock mug. This unique ceramic collector's item flew to the stratosphere onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:


You cannot buy these mugs anywhere on the internet--not even Amazon. But you can have one from Earth to Sky Calculus for $170.10. That's the serial number of the Enterprise divided by 10. The mug comes with a greeting card showing the item in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space and back again. It's a great gift for any Trekkie!

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
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  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Mar 19 2023, the network reported 1 fireball.
(1 sporadic)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On March 19, 2023 there were 2325 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 EA1
2023-Mar-14
15.2 LD
15.2
33
2023 FZ
2023-Mar-14
10.4 LD
12.3
17
2023 CM
2023-Mar-14
10.3 LD
14
190
2023 EW
2023-Mar-15
14.2 LD
4.1
22
2023 FD
2023-Mar-15
10.9 LD
4
20
2023 FR
2023-Mar-15
1.9 LD
7
9
2023 FE
2023-Mar-15
17.1 LD
9.1
42
2023 ED1
2023-Mar-15
19.6 LD
5
30
2023 DM
2023-Mar-15
8.5 LD
7.3
65
2023 FS
2023-Mar-16
1.8 LD
15.2
18
2023 EY
2023-Mar-17
0.6 LD
8.1
15
2018 UQ1
2023-Mar-17
10.7 LD
11.7
143
2023 ES1
2023-Mar-17
5.1 LD
8
10
2023 EZ
2023-Mar-18
16.3 LD
6.6
20
2023 FO
2023-Mar-19
0.9 LD
6.2
5
2016 WH
2023-Mar-19
18.1 LD
11.8
14
2023 EV2
2023-Mar-20
4.6 LD
13.2
21
2018 FE3
2023-Mar-21
10.1 LD
5.4
13
2023 FT
2023-Mar-22
13.4 LD
10.8
36
2023 FG
2023-Mar-23
1.8 LD
10.8
11
2023 EO1
2023-Mar-23
6.9 LD
21.1
46
2023 EF2
2023-Mar-23
10 LD
14.2
26
2023 FA
2023-Mar-23
3.1 LD
8.7
19
2023 DZ2
2023-Mar-25
0.5 LD
7.8
58
2023 DX2
2023-Mar-27
8.5 LD
9
54
2019 FT
2023-Mar-27
17.1 LD
28.2
93
2022 YK4
2023-Mar-29
11.9 LD
2.3
25
2023 EK2
2023-Mar-30
12.9 LD
15.4
89
2017 SE12
2023-Mar-30
5.2 LD
8.4
15
2016 GH1
2023-Mar-30
7.7 LD
5.8
11
2022 GO3
2023-Apr-02
17 LD
11.6
15
2021 GN1
2023-Apr-02
17.7 LD
14.2
18
2023 FM
2023-Apr-06
7.9 LD
15.9
168
2018 FD
2023-Apr-07
17.9 LD
8.2
47
2019 GK21
2023-Apr-13
15.2 LD
8.1
27
2022 YK9
2023-Apr-13
19.9 LD
9.9
175
436774
2023-Apr-13
12.5 LD
17.6
719
2006 HV5
2023-Apr-26
6.3 LD
17.4
400
2021 JF2
2023-Apr-28
16.6 LD
8
19
2018 VS6
2023-May-01
5.2 LD
11.6
14
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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