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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: speed km/sec
density: density protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1200 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C2
1749 UT Jan03
24-hr: C4
1058 UT Jan03
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 03 Jan 23
Expand: labels | no labels
All of these sunspots are stable or in decay. NOAA forecasters say the chance of an X-flare is no more than 5%. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 94
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 03 Jan 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 03 Jan 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 15.05
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 03 Jan 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 146 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 03 Jan 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +2.8% Elevated
48-hr change: +1.0%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 03 Jan 2023 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.33
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: bt nT
Bz: bz_gsm nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1200 UT
Coronal Holes: 03 Jan 23

Solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole should reach Earth on Jan. 5th.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The southern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds has begun. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected the first electric-blue puffs over Antarctica on Dec. 1st.
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Jan03
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Jan 03 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
35 %
35 %
CLASS X
10 %
10 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Jan 03 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
35 %
35 %
MINOR
25 %
25 %
SEVERE
05 %
05 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
10 %
MINOR
25 %
25 %
SEVERE
60 %
60 %
 
Tuesday, Jan. 3, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: Minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on Jan. 4-5 when a slow-moving CME is expected to hit Earth's magnetic field. It was hurled in our direction by an M3.7-class solar flare (movie) in the magnetic canopy of sunspot AR3176 on Dec. 30th. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

FARSIDE SOLAR EXPLOSION: This morning (Jan. 3rd at 1058 UT) something exploded on the farside of the sun. The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) recorded a bright CME billowing over the sun's southeastern limb:

The source of the blast was probably old sunspot AR3163, which has spent the last two weeks transiting the farside of the sun. It is due to return on Jan. 4th. Helioseismic echoes suggest that the sunspot has grown since we last saw it in December. It may present a threat for significant Earth-directed flares after it re-appears tomorrow. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

SUNSPOT COUNTS HIT 7 YEAR HIGH (UPDATED): December was a busy month on the sun. How busy? Senol Sanli of Bursa, Turkey, answered the question by stacking 26 days of sun photos (Dec. 2nd - 27th) from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory:

"There were more than 24 sunspot groups, some of them quite large, congested in two bands on opposite sides of the sun's equator," says Sanli.

The congestion of dark cores catapulted the monthly sunspot number to its highest value in 7 years:

This plot from NOAA shows the ascending progression of Solar Cycle 25. It has outperformed the official forecast for 35 months in a row. If the trend continues, Solar Maximum will either happen sooner or be stronger than originally expected--possibly both. Stay tuned for lots more sunspots.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

A BLACK PEARL IN THE STRATOSPHERE: It came from Tahiti--and now it's been to the edge of space. This genuine Black Tahitian South Sea Cultured Pearl flew to the stratosphere onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray balloon, soaring more than 100,000 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California:

You can have it for $229.95. The students are selling exotic space pearls to fund their cosmic ray monitoring program. Measuring 10 mm in diameter, the pearl has an 18K white gold clasp and is suspended from a matching 925 Sterling Silver chain. Each pearl comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Jan 03, 2023, the network reported 2 fireballs.
(2 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On January 3, 2023 there were 2324 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 YT6
2022-Dec-29
6 LD
13.8
21
2022 YG5
2022-Dec-30
8.2 LD
14.2
16
2022 YS6
2023-Jan-01
4.7 LD
9.7
15
2022 YR1
2023-Jan-01
16.3 LD
6
23
2022 YT3
2023-Jan-02
11.1 LD
6.4
24
2022 YU3
2023-Jan-02
9.8 LD
7.1
24
2022 YY6
2023-Jan-02
2.1 LD
20.3
21
2022 YP5
2023-Jan-02
7.8 LD
4.8
14
2021 NF
2023-Jan-02
17.9 LD
11.3
40
2022 YJ4
2023-Jan-03
5.3 LD
5.6
15
2011 WR41
2023-Jan-03
15.8 LD
8.9
34
2019 AY3
2023-Jan-04
16.8 LD
19.7
62
2022 YS4
2023-Jan-04
6 LD
6.8
27
2022 YL4
2023-Jan-05
5.2 LD
2
11
2022 YN1
2023-Jan-06
18.3 LD
5.5
53
2021 TL
2023-Jan-09
14.2 LD
8.5
75
2022 YD5
2023-Jan-12
8.3 LD
10.6
45
2022 YZ2
2023-Jan-12
16.6 LD
6.5
86
2022 YS5
2023-Jan-13
15.6 LD
6
42
2014 LJ
2023-Jan-14
4.8 LD
3.5
7
2022 YH3
2023-Jan-14
19 LD
16.3
90
2012 BV13
2023-Jan-16
12.2 LD
6.7
134
2020 BP
2023-Jan-20
5.2 LD
16.9
26
2019 BO2
2023-Jan-24
12.1 LD
16.2
21
2019 BZ4
2023-Jan-24
16.5 LD
5.6
20
2020 BZ14
2023-Jan-26
8.8 LD
6.7
54
2022 SO113
2023-Jan-29
10.5 LD
3.5
73
2017 DU34
2023-Feb-02
13.3 LD
11.2
16
367789
2023-Feb-03
4.7 LD
9.9
149
2020 OO1
2023-Feb-04
4.8 LD
7.7
19
2022 YO6
2023-Feb-06
12.2 LD
13.4
191
2022 CX1
2023-Feb-09
17.4 LD
13.2
14
2021 EP4
2023-Feb-13
19 LD
6.1
5
199145
2023-Feb-16
12 LD
24.6
756
2022 RG
2023-Feb-16
8.2 LD
3
24
2020 DG4
2023-Feb-17
1.4 LD
6.9
8
2020 CX1
2023-Feb-19
17.4 LD
7.7
53
37638
2023-Feb-21
17 LD
11.1
495
2012 DK31
2023-Feb-27
12.6 LD
15.5
148
2006 BE55
2023-Feb-28
9.4 LD
13.3
148
2021 QW
2023-Mar-03
13.9 LD
12.1
79
2017 BM123
2023-Mar-03
12.1 LD
7.8
62
2007 ED125
2023-Mar-03
11.7 LD
13.1
224
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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