 | | | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation  Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 3 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 4 unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.6 nT
Bz: 0.5 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2345 UT Coronal Holes: 06 Nov 21 
Solar wind flowing from this equatorial coronal hole could reach Earth on Nov. 8th. Credit: SDO/AIA  Noctilucent Clouds The northern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds appears to be over. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected no evidence of NLCs around the north pole on Aug. 29th. Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar Updated at: SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2021 Nov 06 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 05 % | 05 % | CLASS X | 01 % | 01 % | Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2021 Nov 06 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 20 % | 20 % | MINOR | 05 % | 05 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 15 % | MINOR | 25 % | 25 % | SEVERE | 25 % | 25 % | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure! | | | MOSTLY QUIET: This weekend, the sun is taking a break from big explosions. Quiet conditions have returned to most of Earth's magnetosphere. The exception: Inside the Arctic Circle where elevated solar winds could spark auroras without a geomagnetic storm. Aurora alerts: SMS Text. BACK IN THE DAYS WHEN AURORAS WERE BLACK AND WHITE: This past week's big geomagnetic storm brought back some old memories for Canadian photographer Brian Martin. "Here is a picture I took 53 years ago on November 1, 1968." 
"How technology has changed!" says Martin. "The image was taken with a 50 mm lens, 15s exposure using a Tri-X emulsion. This was one of the brightest displays I have ever seen and had this been colour film, the auroras would have been violet and red." Most people have forgotten the Great Storm of Oct. 31-Nov 2, 1968. Researchers believe that a powerful CME struck Earth's magnetic field. No one is certain, though, because in those days CMEs had not yet been discovered. During the 3-day event, storm levels reached category G4 (Kp=8). It was almost three times longer and (on average) two times stronger than last week's G3 storm. "I was a callow youth of 14 at the time," recalls Martin. "The event came as a complete surprise. My future wife also saw it and was convinced it was 'the end of times!' Luckily it wasn't! The storm was visible right after sunset and the Moon was nearing full. I have not again seen such an all-sky red aurora that lasted as long or was as bright." 
Above: Curved lines in this map show how far south the SARs spread. Regular auroras were sighted even farther south. [more] [ref]
The storm resulted in a flurry of research papers. Many were focused on SARs, strange red arcs of light that descended into the United States. SARs are not auroras. Auroras appear when particles rain down from space, lighting up the atmosphere like the picture tube of an old TV. SARs form differently. They are a sign of heat energy leaking into the upper atmosphere (~400 km high) from Earth's ring current system. Usually confined to polar regions, the SARs of Nov. 1, 1968, were photographed as far south as Colorado. All this happened during the peak of Solar Cycle 20, a middle-of-the-road cycle, neither remarkably weak nor remarkably strong. Current Solar Cycle 25 is shaping up to be about the same. Deja vu, anyone? Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
THE CITRINE X-PENDANT: It's the color of a sunburst: The Citrine X-Pendant. On Oct. 15, 2021, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched one to the stratosphere onboard an cosmic ray research balloon. At the apex of the flight it floated 120,892 feet above Earth's surface--a record high for our 10-year ballooning program:
You can have it for $169.95. The citrine gemstone is framed in an 18K gold-plated swirl with a matching 16-inch chain. The students are selling these pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the necklace in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space. Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Nov 06, 2021, the network reported 17 fireballs.
(15 sporadics, 2 northern Taurids)  In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On November 6, 2021 there were 2231 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | | 2021 UZ6 | 2021-Nov-01 | 4.5 LD | 8.8 | 33 | | 2021 UD6 | 2021-Nov-01 | 14.7 LD | 7.5 | 25 | | 2021 VG1 | 2021-Nov-01 | 1.1 LD | 12.1 | 21 | | 2021 VS | 2021-Nov-01 | 17.1 LD | 19 | 75 | | 2021 VH | 2021-Nov-01 | 0.1 LD | 7.7 | 4 | | 2019 UH7 | 2021-Nov-01 | 9.6 LD | 6 | 11 | | 2021 UW5 | 2021-Nov-01 | 1.1 LD | 15.1 | 6 | | 2021 UZ4 | 2021-Nov-01 | 6.8 LD | 11.4 | 29 | | 2021 UQ7 | 2021-Nov-01 | 11.5 LD | 7.1 | 14 | | 2009 WY7 | 2021-Nov-02 | 19.2 LD | 14.7 | 54 | | 2021 TJ14 | 2021-Nov-02 | 18.9 LD | 9.7 | 43 | | 2017 TS3 | 2021-Nov-02 | 13.9 LD | 9.9 | 131 | | 2021 UG6 | 2021-Nov-02 | 7.1 LD | 10.1 | 16 | | 2021 UZ2 | 2021-Nov-02 | 2.2 LD | 11.1 | 17 | | 2021 VU1 | 2021-Nov-02 | 4.1 LD | 21.3 | 25 | | 2021 UE4 | 2021-Nov-03 | 3.1 LD | 10.9 | 13 | | 2021 UD7 | 2021-Nov-03 | 10.7 LD | 9 | 23 | | 2021 UW3 | 2021-Nov-03 | 5.8 LD | 5.4 | 10 | | 2021 UX5 | 2021-Nov-03 | 1.8 LD | 12.4 | 7 | | 2021 UH9 | 2021-Nov-03 | 16.4 LD | 7.8 | 25 | | 2021 US6 | 2021-Nov-03 | 1.2 LD | 21.4 | 8 | | 2021 US1 | 2021-Nov-03 | 1.9 LD | 3.2 | 10 | | 2021 VX1 | 2021-Nov-04 | 2.7 LD | 16.2 | 18 | | 2021 UD1 | 2021-Nov-04 | 16.2 LD | 8 | 28 | | 2005 VL1 | 2021-Nov-04 | 17 LD | 5.2 | 18 | | 2021 UV3 | 2021-Nov-04 | 13.5 LD | 5.7 | 21 | | 2021 UO7 | 2021-Nov-04 | 1 LD | 4.6 | 4 | | 2021 UP7 | 2021-Nov-04 | 5 LD | 15.1 | 11 | | 2021 UL5 | 2021-Nov-05 | 2.7 LD | 18.5 | 20 | | 2021 VH1 | 2021-Nov-05 | 1.8 LD | 11.9 | 18 | | 2021 UU1 | 2021-Nov-05 | 1.8 LD | 9.3 | 18 | | 2021 VF | 2021-Nov-05 | 2.3 LD | 8.4 | 10 | | 2021 VE | 2021-Nov-05 | 9 LD | 13.1 | 20 | | 2021 VN | 2021-Nov-06 | 6.1 LD | 10.5 | 15 | | 2021 VZ1 | 2021-Nov-06 | 1.3 LD | 9.2 | 10 | | 2021 UF1 | 2021-Nov-06 | 14.7 LD | 10.5 | 35 | | 2021 VY1 | 2021-Nov-06 | 7.7 LD | 6.2 | 10 | | 2021 VA2 | 2021-Nov-06 | 12.4 LD | 13.3 | 35 | | 2020 KA | 2021-Nov-06 | 14.9 LD | 4.8 | 11 | | 2021 UF4 | 2021-Nov-07 | 4.1 LD | 6.3 | 14 | | 2021 VC | 2021-Nov-07 | 10.4 LD | 7.7 | 17 | | 2021 VD | 2021-Nov-07 | 9.1 LD | 9.4 | 24 | | 2021 UG4 | 2021-Nov-07 | 17.3 LD | 8.9 | 24 | | 2021 VG | 2021-Nov-08 | 13.3 LD | 7.4 | 30 | | 2021 VB2 | 2021-Nov-08 | 1.7 LD | 8.4 | 9 | | 2021 SP3 | 2021-Nov-08 | 15.6 LD | 9.3 | 70 | | 2021 VR1 | 2021-Nov-08 | 1.4 LD | 3.6 | 4 | | 2021 UB3 | 2021-Nov-08 | 9.1 LD | 5.9 | 14 | | 2021 US5 | 2021-Nov-09 | 13.8 LD | 13.7 | 22 | | 2019 XS | 2021-Nov-09 | 1.5 LD | 10.7 | 65 | | 2021 UA12 | 2021-Nov-09 | 2.8 LD | 4.3 | 7 | | 2017 WG14 | 2021-Nov-10 | 18.6 LD | 11.6 | 45 | | 2021 UA5 | 2021-Nov-11 | 11.2 LD | 9.3 | 25 | | 2021 UE10 | 2021-Nov-12 | 15 LD | 5 | 19 | | 2007 VD138 | 2021-Nov-12 | 16 LD | 7.7 | 44 | | 2021 UX8 | 2021-Nov-12 | 19 LD | 6.3 | 26 | | 2004 UE | 2021-Nov-13 | 11.1 LD | 13.2 | 224 | | 2021 UO3 | 2021-Nov-13 | 4.6 LD | 6.6 | 17 | | 2021 UM9 | 2021-Nov-13 | 4.6 LD | 11.2 | 58 | | 2016 VR | 2021-Nov-15 | 8.2 LD | 8.7 | 20 | | 2021 VM1 | 2021-Nov-15 | 9.3 LD | 14.8 | 23 | | 2010 VK139 | 2021-Nov-15 | 6.4 LD | 13.9 | 65 | | 2019 VL5 | 2021-Nov-15 | 8.5 LD | 8.1 | 23 | | 2021 VR | 2021-Nov-19 | 15.6 LD | 13.3 | 72 | | 2016 JG12 | 2021-Nov-20 | 14.4 LD | 7.5 | 112 | | 2021 TR15 | 2021-Nov-20 | 11.9 LD | 7 | 41 | | 2021 KH2 | 2021-Nov-21 | 19.3 LD | 6.5 | 31 | | 3361 | 2021-Nov-21 | 15.1 LD | 8.1 | 511 | | 2014 WF201 | 2021-Nov-24 | 13.2 LD | 5.5 | 27 | | 2009 WB105 | 2021-Nov-25 | 15.1 LD | 18.9 | 71 | | 2019 BB5 | 2021-Nov-25 | 18.8 LD | 8.3 | 16 | | 2021 VM | 2021-Nov-27 | 9.4 LD | 9 | 29 | | 1994 WR12 | 2021-Nov-29 | 16.1 LD | 8.8 | 123 | | 2021 UP4 | 2021-Dec-04 | 14 LD | 8.3 | 52 | | 4660 | 2021-Dec-11 | 10.3 LD | 6.6 | 774 | | 2019 XQ1 | 2021-Dec-13 | 14.1 LD | 9.1 | 30 | | 2004 YC | 2021-Dec-15 | 18.4 LD | 8.1 | 27 | | 163899 | 2021-Dec-17 | 14.2 LD | 5.6 | 1083 | | 2021 LX3 | 2021-Dec-18 | 19.7 LD | 6.5 | 124 | | 2016 YY10 | 2021-Dec-21 | 11.3 LD | 9.2 | 23 | | 2017 XQ60 | 2021-Dec-21 | 13.7 LD | 15.7 | 47 | | 2016 TR54 | 2021-Dec-24 | 16.9 LD | 15.5 | 135 | | 2018 AH | 2021-Dec-27 | 11.9 LD | 12.7 | 112 | | 2017 AE3 | 2021-Dec-29 | 9.3 LD | 19.1 | 155 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 6 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results: Our most recent flight on June 25, 2021, confirms a trend of decreasing cosmic radiation: 
Cosmic ray dose rates peaked in late 2019, and have been slowly declining ever since. This makes perfect sense. Solar Minimum was in late 2019. During Solar Minimum the sun's magnetic field weakens, allowing more cosmic rays into the solar system. We expect dose rate to be highest at that time. Now that Solar Minimum has passed, the sun is waking up again. Solar magnetic fields are strengthening, providing a stiffer barrier to cosmic rays trying to enter the solar system. The decline of cosmic radiation above California is a sign that new Solar Cycle 25 is gaining strength. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) llink cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes: 
In this plot, dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb. Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | the underlying science of space weather |  | Going above and beyond to provide the best homes listings in the Comox real estate market to keep you up to date and informed | | Looking for sports betting companies not registered on GamStop? CasinoGap has presented a list of sites not on GamStop available for UK players. Check and bet online! Would you like to bet at sites not using GamStop? Look at a list of NonStopCasino sites for online betting that aren't on GamStop. Top-rated bookmakers ever! | | One of the most popular casino games is the Book Of Dead Slot based on ancient Egyptian text, you can find all the casinos with spins at bookofdeadslotsites.com. | | When looking for casinos to play online when the weather is bad, you can try luotettavat nettikasinot for Finnish games. If you are not from Finland you can try the Swedish page Svenska casino online to find suitable games, check out svenskacasinoonline.net. Always check your local laws before playing with real money. | | Finns rank fourth among the world’s biggest gamblers. More on Finnish online casinos you can find at Nettikasino site. | | To find reviews of new online casino sites in the UK try The Casino DB where there are hundreds of online casino reviews complete with bonuses and ratings. Alternatively, Online-Casinos.xyz is another massive directory of online casinos listing sites for the UK and Worldwide. Casinos that offer Rupees for bonuses are very generous to Indian players. Find the best online casinos in India at AllCasinos.in Looking for a new online casino? Try Casimpo the new site dedicated to making online casino simple, or check out the new Avenger Slots Casino and Ace Online Casino with over 500 online slots and casino games. | | | These links help Spaceweather.com stay online. Thank you to our supporters! | | | | | | | | |  | | |  | ©2021 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips. | |
