 | | | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation  Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3.33 quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 7.90 nT
Bz: 3.19 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT Coronal Holes: 07 Mar 25 
Solar wind flowing from the indicated coronal hole should reach Earth on March 9-10. Credit: NASA/SDO | more data  Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough: 
On Mar 7, 2025, the Arctic stratosphere is cold enough for Type II clouds, but a sudden warming is predicted in a few days. | more data. Noctilucent Clouds
The southern season for noctilucent clouds (NLCs) is finished. The first clouds were detected over Antarctica on Nov. 19, 2024, and they vanished again on Feb. 21, 2025. The action will shift to the north pole in late May 2025. Until then, the map will remain blank.
Updated: Feb. 21, 2025
An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). In the daily map, above, each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2025 Mar 07 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 40 % | 40 % | CLASS X | 05 % | 05 % | Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2025 Mar 07 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 30 % | 40 % | MINOR | 05 % | 25 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 05 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 10 % | MINOR | 30 % | 25 % | SEVERE | 35 % | 60 % | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | This is an AI Free Zone: Text created by Large Language Models is engulfing the Internet. It's slick, prolific, and some readers say it makes them feel seasick. For better or worse, all of the text on Spaceweather.com was written by a real human being. | | | A HOLE IN THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE: A large hole has opened in the sun's atmosphere, and it is directly facing Earth. An emerging stream of solar wind should reach our planet on March 9-10. NOAA forecasters say its arrival could spark a G1-class geomagnetic storm with auroras at high latitudes. Aurora alerts: SMS Text. SIGHTINGS OF THE 'LUNAR X': Have you seen the Lunar X? Once a month, when the sun rises over Crater Werner in the Moon's southern hemisphere, sunlight grazes the region's high terrain and makes a criss-cross shape 50 miles wide. Levi Riggins photographed it last night from Leander, Texas: 
"I've been watching and imaging the moon for many years- yet somehow, I didn't even know about the 'Lunar X' until seeing the story on Spaceweather yesterday," says Riggins. "Thanks!" (You're welcome :) Many astronomers have never heard of it. This pareidoliac form of lunar alpenglow lasts for only a few hours each month at the narrow interface between lunar night and day. The next apparition: April 5th. Mark your calendar with an "X". more images: from Paul Sellner of Fort Collins, Colorado; from John H. Menz of Nonington, Kent, England; from Dominique Steuckers of Holsbeek, Belgium; from David Kriegler of Gulf Shores, Alabama Realtime Lunar X Photo Gallery
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THE GALACTIC CENTER PENDANT: "A timeless pull, no force can splinter. Our love burns bright at the galactic center." This poem is printed on a card that comes with the Galactic Center Pendant. Made of handcrafted glass, the pendent flew to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon, floating 96,785 feet above Earth's surface: 
You can have it for $169.95. At the pendant's core is a nugget of blue opal surrounded by a swirl of air-bubble stars. It comes with a greeting card picturing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space and back--poetry included! Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
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Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Mar 06, 2025, the network reported 3 fireballs.
(3 sporadics)  In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On March 7, 2025 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | | 2025 DE5 | 2025-Mar-02 | 2 LD | 7.4 | 7 | | 2025 CV1 | 2025-Mar-02 | 16.5 LD | 10.3 | 49 | | 2025 EA2 | 2025-Mar-02 | 5.5 LD | 11.1 | 17 | | 2025 EK2 | 2025-Mar-02 | 15.2 LD | 8.3 | 28 | | 2025 DB22 | 2025-Mar-02 | 3.8 LD | 15 | 14 | | 2025 DH1 | 2025-Mar-02 | 4 LD | 4.3 | 19 | | 2025 EF2 | 2025-Mar-03 | 5.8 LD | 13.1 | 15 | | 2025 EP2 | 2025-Mar-03 | 1.9 LD | 12.8 | 13 | | 2025 EN | 2025-Mar-03 | 9 LD | 7.2 | 13 | | 2025 DH15 | 2025-Mar-03 | 8.4 LD | 19.7 | 21 | | 2025 EL | 2025-Mar-03 | 0.9 LD | 12 | 5 | | 2025 EY1 | 2025-Mar-03 | 2.1 LD | 11.2 | 17 | | 2025 DX24 | 2025-Mar-03 | 4.6 LD | 16.5 | 13 | | 2025 EJ2 | 2025-Mar-04 | 13.2 LD | 10.1 | 19 | | 2025 DM7 | 2025-Mar-04 | 1.2 LD | 7.1 | 13 | | 2025 DT4 | 2025-Mar-04 | 6.4 LD | 18 | 35 | | 2025 DG3 | 2025-Mar-04 | 16.4 LD | 8 | 33 | | 2025 DT24 | 2025-Mar-04 | 4.2 LD | 8.8 | 11 | | 2025 EB2 | 2025-Mar-04 | 5.5 LD | 23.6 | 47 | | 2025 EA1 | 2025-Mar-05 | 16.8 LD | 10.7 | 40 | | 535844 | 2025-Mar-05 | 9.6 LD | 7.9 | 148 | | 2025 DU2 | 2025-Mar-06 | 1.4 LD | 17.4 | 49 | | 2025 DT3 | 2025-Mar-06 | 17.7 LD | 11.8 | 39 | | 2025 DS3 | 2025-Mar-06 | 17.1 LD | 16.8 | 32 | | 2025 EW1 | 2025-Mar-06 | 2.1 LD | 11.8 | 7 | | 2025 DJ5 | 2025-Mar-06 | 19.3 LD | 8.5 | 33 | | 2025 EX1 | 2025-Mar-06 | 0.6 LD | 5.6 | 2 | | 2025 ES1 | 2025-Mar-06 | 11.5 LD | 10.8 | 58 | | 2025 EW | 2025-Mar-06 | 0.9 LD | 3.4 | 12 | | 2025 DL8 | 2025-Mar-07 | 13.2 LD | 6.7 | 32 | | 2025 EZ1 | 2025-Mar-07 | 1.2 LD | 15.3 | 7 | | 2017 EV | 2025-Mar-07 | 3.1 LD | 8.2 | 16 | | 2025 DD22 | 2025-Mar-07 | 7.9 LD | 7.8 | 27 | | 2025 DV24 | 2025-Mar-08 | 9.4 LD | 2.4 | 8 | | 2025 DZ1 | 2025-Mar-08 | 3.9 LD | 16.9 | 37 | | 2025 DK7 | 2025-Mar-08 | 9.6 LD | 7 | 12 | | 2025 DF8 | 2025-Mar-08 | 3.4 LD | 5.6 | 11 | | 2025 EN2 | 2025-Mar-08 | 5.1 LD | 4.7 | 7 | | 2018 RC2 | 2025-Mar-08 | 2 LD | 12.5 | 85 | | 2025 ED | 2025-Mar-08 | 10.8 LD | 9.7 | 19 | | 2025 EC2 | 2025-Mar-09 | 1.5 LD | 4.4 | 18 | | 2025 DZ6 | 2025-Mar-09 | 13.1 LD | 9.9 | 35 | | 2025 EH1 | 2025-Mar-10 | 7.1 LD | 8 | 16 | | 2025 DB5 | 2025-Mar-10 | 5.9 LD | 2 | 10 | | 2021 EU3 | 2025-Mar-10 | 10.7 LD | 4.4 | 13 | | 2025 DP3 | 2025-Mar-11 | 20 LD | 7.9 | 28 | | 2025 DB7 | 2025-Mar-11 | 9.6 LD | 2.6 | 13 | | 2025 DA7 | 2025-Mar-12 | 17.6 LD | 9.7 | 48 | | 2025 EB1 | 2025-Mar-12 | 5.6 LD | 6.5 | 13 | | 2025 DY5 | 2025-Mar-12 | 9.7 LD | 8.5 | 29 | | 2025 DC22 | 2025-Mar-12 | 9.3 LD | 5.9 | 24 | | 2025 DL22 | 2025-Mar-12 | 7.5 LD | 9.9 | 28 | | 2025 DM3 | 2025-Mar-12 | 19.2 LD | 10.7 | 54 | | 2025 CT1 | 2025-Mar-13 | 19.4 LD | 2.9 | 29 | | 2025 DS6 | 2025-Mar-14 | 19.5 LD | 2.7 | 14 | | 2025 EG2 | 2025-Mar-15 | 19.4 LD | 11.6 | 44 | | 2025 DV4 | 2025-Mar-15 | 18 LD | 7 | 27 | | 2020 FO | 2025-Mar-15 | 13.4 LD | 20.6 | 23 | | 2025 DO27 | 2025-Mar-15 | 17.2 LD | 15.2 | 45 | | 2025 CX1 | 2025-Mar-15 | 19.8 LD | 8.4 | 41 | | 2025 EC1 | 2025-Mar-16 | 8.6 LD | 6.5 | 20 | | 2025 DU25 | 2025-Mar-18 | 2.9 LD | 5.3 | 14 | | 2025 EQ2 | 2025-Mar-19 | 5.2 LD | 6.2 | 17 | | 2021 FH1 | 2025-Mar-21 | 3.9 LD | 13.8 | 31 | | 2025 DA15 | 2025-Mar-23 | 17 LD | 7.7 | 36 | | 2014 TN17 | 2025-Mar-26 | 13.3 LD | 21.5 | 174 | | 2025 DW5 | 2025-Mar-26 | 16.5 LD | 5.6 | 43 | | 2025 DV22 | 2025-Mar-27 | 16.5 LD | 12.2 | 61 | | 2020 VA4 | 2025-Mar-30 | 11.6 LD | 5.6 | 12 | | 2022 FR3 | 2025-Apr-01 | 6.6 LD | 7.4 | 105 | | 2020 XT2 | 2025-Apr-04 | 13.6 LD | 6.2 | 41 | | 2023 GC2 | 2025-Apr-04 | 17.3 LD | 6.3 | 12 | | 2020 FH4 | 2025-Apr-04 | 12.8 LD | 3 | 7 | | 2025 BC10 | 2025-Apr-05 | 9.7 LD | 22.9 | 479 | | 2007 SQ6 | 2025-Apr-05 | 10.9 LD | 6.6 | 129 | | 2003 GQ22 | 2025-Apr-07 | 19.6 LD | 8.9 | 180 | | 2025 DL28 | 2025-Apr-08 | 16.2 LD | 5.6 | 42 | | 2023 HG | 2025-Apr-11 | 3.7 LD | 8.6 | 14 | | 2023 KU | 2025-Apr-11 | 2.8 LD | 18 | 119 | | 2023 RX1 | 2025-Apr-13 | 18.1 LD | 1.4 | 3 | | 2023 UH | 2025-Apr-15 | 8.8 LD | 11 | 21 | | 2022 UO | 2025-Apr-15 | 19.8 LD | 16.2 | 18 | | 2025 DC36 | 2025-Apr-15 | 14.2 LD | 4.9 | 59 | | 2017 RN16 | 2025-Apr-17 | 10.9 LD | 8.7 | 6 | | 2014 HS124 | 2025-Apr-22 | 10.9 LD | 8.9 | 93 | | 2019 FY2 | 2025-Apr-24 | 12.8 LD | 5.3 | 12 | | 462959 | 2025-Apr-25 | 12.9 LD | 9.5 | 213 | | 2024 BF | 2025-May-01 | 9.5 LD | 4.6 | 47 | | 2024 JM2 | 2025-May-03 | 7.2 LD | 11.3 | 62 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 10 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results (Nov. 2024): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2024. Our latest measurements in November registered a 10-year low: 
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | | current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics. | | | Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | the underlying science of space weather |  | Got a chipped or cracked windshield that prevents you from seeing space weather events while driving? Get windshield replacement from SR Windows & Glass with free mobile auto glass service anywhere in the Phoenix area. | | BestCSGOGambling is the best site for everything related to CSGO gambling on the web | | | These links help Spaceweather.com stay online. Thank you to our supporters! | | | | | | | | |  | | |  | ©2021 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips. | |
