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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

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Science news and information about the Sun-Earth environment.

SPACE WEATHER
Current
Conditions

Solar Wind
speed: 534.5 km/s
density:
2.0 protons/cm3
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at 2254 UT

X-ray Solar Flares

6-hr max:
B8 2155 UT Feb18
24-hr: C1 1320 UT Feb18
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at 2245 UT

Daily Sun: 18 Feb '05

Sunspot 735 poses a threat for M-class solar flares. . Credit: SOHO/MDI


Sunspot Number: 51
What is the sunspot number?
Updated: 17 Feb 2005

Far Side of the Sun

This holographic image reveals no sunspot groups on the far side of the Sun. Image credit: SOHO/MDI

Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.5 nT
Bz:
0.2 nT north
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at 2255 UT

Coronal Holes:

Earth is inside a solar wind stream flowing from the indicated coronal hole. Image credit: SOHO Extreme UV Telescope.


SPACE WEATHER
NOAA
Forecasts

Solar Flares: Probabilities for a medium-sized (M-class) or a major (X-class) solar flare during the next 24/48 hours are tabulated below.
Updated at 2005 Feb 18 2200 UTC
FLARE 0-24 hr 24-48 hr
CLASS M 15 % 15 %
CLASS X 01 % 01 %

Geomagnetic Storms: Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at 2005 Feb 18 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr 24-48 hr
ACTIVE 30 % 25 %
MINOR 15 % 15 %
SEVERE 10 % 05 %

High latitudes
0-24 hr 24-48 hr
ACTIVE 30 % 30 %
MINOR 30 % 15 %
SEVERE 15 % 10 %

What's Up in Space -- 18 Feb 2005
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BLUE SKIES ON SATURN: Earth isn't the only planet with blue skies. Saturn has them, too, according to NASA's Cassini spacecraft. Get the full story from Science@NASA.

Would you like a call when the ISS is about to fly over your backyard? Sign up for SpaceWeather PHONE.

SNOW MOON: According to folklore, February's full moon is called the Snow Moon. Moonlight shining on white snowy ground makes the night unusually bright. This year's Snow Moon is due on Feb. 22nd and 23rd.

When the moon is bright and the air is cold, be alert for moon halos, pillars and 'dogs. These are caused by ice crystals in the air bending moonlight into beautiful shapes. (continued below)

Arne Danielsen took this picture of a moon halo over Langhus, Norway (air temperature -4o C), on Jan. 21st. The green and purple curtains are auroras. They have nothing to do with the moon or its halo. Auroras, a result of solar activity, occur 100+ km above Earth's surface. Halo-making ice crystals float just 5 to 10 km above the ground. So the auroras in this picture are high above the halo--contrary to appearances.

Good news: You don't have to live in a cold place like Norway to see icy moon halos. It's always cold enough for ice crystals 10 km above the ground--even in, say, Florida or Arizona. Everyone should keep an eye on the Snow Moon.

GALILEO & SUNSPOTS: Galileo Galilei is an important person in the history of space weather. Contrary to popular belief, he didn't discover sunspots, but he was one of the first to observe them using a telescope. (His favorite method: solar projection.)

In Galileo's day, circa 1612, many people believed sunspots were satellites of the sun. Galileo proved otherwise. By drawing sunspots every day, he discovered that the sun spins (once every 27 days) and that sunspots must be located on or very near the sun's surface. Galileo thought sunspots might be clouds.

Now we know what sunspots really are: islands of magnetism. Magnetic force-fields poke through the sun's surface from below, creating a region of relatively cool, dark gas--a sunspot. Sometimes these magnetic fields erupt, producing a solar flare or a coronal mass ejection.

More than four centuries after Galileo, astronomers are still watching the sun and drawing sunspots. Click here to view watercolor paintings of three big sunspots last November. "Foreshortening can be seen in the sunspot groups near the limb and the sunspots appear to move faster near the limb," says artist John Stetson. "Historically, both foreshortening and apparent speed provided key evidence that sunspots were on the surface of the sun."



Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs are on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.

On 18 Feb 2005 there were 662 known Potentially
Hazardous Asteroids

Jan.-Feb. 2005 Earth-asteroid encounters
ASTEROID

 MISS DISTANCE

 MAG.
1998 DV9

Jan. 11

30 LD

 15
2004 EW

Feb. 14

23 LD

 16
2004 RF84

Feb. 27

23 LD

 14
Notes: LD is a "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.

Essential Web Links

NOAA Space Environment Center -- The official U.S. government bureau for real-time monitoring of solar and geophysical events, research in solar-terrestrial physics, and forecasting solar and geophysical disturbances.

Atmospheric Optics -- the first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. See also Snow Crystals.

Solar and Heliospheric Observatory -- Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. (European Mirror Site)

Daily Sunspot Summaries -- from the NOAA Space Environment Center.

Current Solar Images --a gallery of up-to-date solar pictures from the National Solar Data Analysis Center at the Goddard Space Flight Center. See also the GOES-12 Solar X-ray Imager.

Recent Solar Events -- a nice summary of current solar conditions from lmsal.com.

SOHO Farside Images of the Sun from SWAN and MDI.

The Latest SOHO Coronagraph Images -- from the Naval Research Lab

The Sun from Earth -- daily images of our star from the Big Bear Solar Observatory

List of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids -- from the Harvard Minor Planet Center.

Observable Comets -- from the Harvard Minor Planet Center.

What is the Interplanetary Magnetic Field? -- A lucid answer from the University of Michigan. See also the Anatomy of Earth's Magnetosphere.

Real-time Solar Wind Data -- from NASA's ACE spacecraft. How powerful are solar wind gusts? Read this story from Science@NASA.

More Real-time Solar Wind Data -- from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Proton Monitor.

Aurora Forecast --from the University of Alaska's Geophysical Institute

Daily Solar Flare and Sunspot Data -- from the NOAA Space Environment Center.

Lists of Coronal Mass Ejections -- from 1998 to 2001

What is an Iridium flare? See also Photographing Satellites by Brian Webb.

Vandenberg AFB missile launch schedule.

What is an Astronomical Unit, or AU?

Mirages: Mirages in Finland; An Introduction to Mirages;

NOAA Solar Flare and Sunspot Data: 1999; 2000; 2001; 2002; 2003; Jan-Mar., 2004;

Space Audio Streams: (University of Florida) 20 MHz radio emissions from Jupiter: #1, #2, #3, #4; (NASA/Marshall) INSPIRE: #1; (Stan Nelson of Roswell, New Mexico) meteor radar: #1, #2;

Recent International Astronomical Union Circulars

GLOSSARY | SPACE WEATHER TUTORIAL

This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips: email

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