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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 424.9 km/sec
density: 3.19 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M4
1811 UT May14
24-hr: X2
0825 UT May14
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 14 May 25
Expand: labels | no labels
Sunspot 4087 poses a threat for M-class solar flares. NASA/SDO

Sunspot number: 54
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 14 May 2025

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2025 total: 0 days (0%)
2024 total: 0 days (0%)
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 14 May 2025


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 24.25x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 14 May 2025

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 117 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 14 May 2025

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -8.1% Low
48-hr change: -1.0%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 14 May 2025 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 4.00 unsettled
24-hr max: Kp= 4.00
unsettled
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.91 nT
Bz: 2.21 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 14 May 25

A large coronal hole is emerging over the sun's southeastern limb.
Credit: NASA/SDO | more data

Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough:

On May 14, 2025, the Arctic stratosphere is much too hot for polar stratospheric clouds. | more data.

Noctilucent Clouds
The southern season for noctilucent clouds (NLCs) is finished. The first clouds were detected over Antarctica on Nov. 19, 2024, and they vanished again on Feb. 21, 2025. The action will shift to the north pole in late May 2025. Until then, the map will remain blank.
noctilucent clouds
Updated: Feb. 21, 2025
An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). In the daily map, above, each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2025 May 14 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
75 %
75 %
CLASS X
30 %
30 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2025 May 14 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
30 %
10 %
MINOR
10 %
01 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
30 %
25 %
SEVERE
40 %
20 %
 
Wednesday, May. 14, 2025
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone: Text created by Large Language Models is spreading across the Internet. It's well-written, but frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

SO FAR THE CMEs ARE MISSING EARTH: A fusillade of strong explosions from sunspot 4087 hurled multiple CMEs into space today. So far none of the CMEs appears to be heading for Earth. We are just outside the sunspot's strike zone. This could change in the days ahead as the active region turns to face our planet. CME impact alerts: SMS Text

STRONG SOLAR ACTIVITY: After weeks of calm, solar activity is suddenly high again. The action started late yesterday with a surprising X1.2-class solar flare from the sun's western limb, followed today by an even stronger X2.7-flare from new sunspot 4087. Earth-orbiting satellites have detected four significant explosions so far:

Radiation from the flares has caused a series of shortwave radio blackouts around the world--first over the Americas, followed by southeast Asia, the Middle East and Africa. Ham radio operators may have noticed unusual propagation effects from stations in all directions since May 13th.

Most of this activity has come from new sunspot 4087, which emerged over the sun's northeastern limb 2 days ago. It is not yet facing Earth. If the explosions continue for a few more days, however, Earth will find itself squarely in the strike zone with geoeffective CMEs heading our way. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

more images: from David Wilson of Inverness, Scotland; from Francois Rouviere of Cannes, France; from Harald Paleske of Sachsen Anhalt, Germany; from Pepe Manteca of Begues, Catalonia, Spain

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

LASER-ETCHED FULL MOON CRYSTAL MONOLITH: This crystal monolith comes from the edge of space bearing a message: "I Love You to the Moon and Back." On April 23, 2025, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched it to the stratosphere onboard a giant helium balloon:

You can have it for $135.99. Made of high-quality K9 crystal, the rectanglar mini-monolith contains a 3D laser-etched full Moon floating above the text "I Love You to the Moon and Back." It also comes with an LED base, which allows the crystal to be used as a red, green or blue night light.

The students are selling space crystals to pay the helium bill for their high altitude ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the item in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education

LUNAR POLLEN CORONA: It's that time of year. Pollen is floating through the air and making springtime "pollen coronas." Heiko Ulbricht of Freital, Germany, saw this one surrounding the waxing full Moon on May 11th:

"It was extraordinarily intense," says Ulbricht. "The magnificent colored rings and typical bulges suggest it was caused by pine pollen."

Coronas are rings of light that surround the sun or Moon when their light is scattered from small particles. Tiny droplets of water in clouds can make coronas, but pollen grains do even better. They make intensely colored rings.

Pollen coronas tend to be elliptical and lumpy because the underlying grains are, too. This photo of pine pollen seen through a microscope shows what's going on:

They look like Mickey Mouse hats--a result of air sacs that help carry them in the wind. These align the grains so that the unruly swarm can scatter light coherently, encoding their individual structures into the shape of the overall corona.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On May 14, 2025, the network reported 4 fireballs.
(4 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On May 14, 2025 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
612356
2025-May-09
11 LD
5.1
305
2025 JB2
2025-May-09
13.4 LD
9.6
19
2021 KH
2025-May-10
18.3 LD
7.2
19
2025 JK1
2025-May-10
3.2 LD
8
18
2025 JO
2025-May-10
3.7 LD
15.6
14
2025 JW1
2025-May-10
3 LD
12.3
23
2025 JX1
2025-May-10
2.2 LD
6.8
30
2025 JH2
2025-May-10
9.9 LD
5.5
14
2025 JA1
2025-May-12
4 LD
12.6
29
2011 HJ7
2025-May-12
6.6 LD
15.8
118
2011 YU74
2025-May-13
11.4 LD
5
90
2025 DT50
2025-May-14
16 LD
6.4
105
2025 HD19
2025-May-17
7.4 LD
9
28
2008 ST
2025-May-20
13.5 LD
2.5
14
2025 JE1
2025-May-20
11.4 LD
1.4
22
387746
2025-May-24
17.4 LD
8.3
339
2014 KF22
2025-May-25
9.1 LD
11.5
19
390725
2025-May-25
18.4 LD
13.5
410
2025 JP
2025-May-27
13.4 LD
7
24
2025 JR
2025-May-28
12.1 LD
11.4
76
2025 FU5
2025-May-28
13.4 LD
7.3
92
2022 KP3
2025-May-30
10.2 LD
7.7
7
424482
2025-Jun-05
9.1 LD
6.2
421
2020 LQ
2025-Jun-06
17.3 LD
11.8
34
2018 LE4
2025-Jun-07
12.2 LD
13.3
62
2014 LL26
2025-Jun-08
8 LD
5.2
31
2022 KQ5
2025-Jun-12
13.6 LD
5.1
5
2023 XO15
2025-Jun-15
17.8 LD
3.4
24
2025 HN6
2025-Jun-16
6.4 LD
2.3
23
2000 LF3
2025-Jun-17
18.9 LD
14.5
169
2023 XU2
2025-Jun-18
11.1 LD
15.6
32
2003 AY2
2025-Jun-22
14.2 LD
15.9
386
2014 DH
2025-Jun-28
17.1 LD
12.1
17
2019 JM
2025-Jul-09
16.6 LD
6.9
14
2019 NW5
2025-Jul-09
15.2 LD
16.5
65
2005 VO5
2025-Jul-11
15.9 LD
14.4
382
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 10 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (Nov. 2024): Atmospheric radiation is sharply decreasing in 2024. Our latest measurements in November registered a 10-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics.
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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T CrB NOVA WATCH
today: m=10.2 (May 15)
yesterday: m=10.2

more: AAVSO data

Explanation: When the nova explodes, the visual magnitude of the star (m) will jump from +10 (invisible to the naked eye) to +2 (about as bright as the North Star).



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