| | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation Planetary K-index Now: Kp= 0 quiet 24-hr max: Kp= 2 quiet explanation | more data Interplanetary Mag. Field Btotal: 5.9 nT Bz: 2.2 nT north more data: ACE, DSCOVR Updated: Today at 2348 UT Coronal Holes: 29 Apr 18 Solar wind flowing from this emerging coronal hole should reach Earth on May 5th or 6th. Credit: SDO/AIA Noctilucent Clouds Our connection with NASA's AIM spacecraft has been restored! New images from AIM show that the southern season for noctilucent clouds (NLCs) is underway. Come back to this spot every day to see AIM's "daily daisy," which reveals the dance of electric-blue NLCs around the Antarctic Circle.. Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar Updated at: 02-07-2018 17:55:05 SPACE WEATHER NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2018 Apr 29 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 01 % | 01 % | CLASS X | 01 % | 01 % | Geomagnetic Storms: Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2018 Apr 29 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 05 % | 05 % | MINOR | 01 % | 05 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 15 % | MINOR | 20 % | 10 % | SEVERE | 10 % | 10 % | | | | | | | | | | | | All-inclusive Northern Lights trips in Tromsø, Norway. Small groups, big experiences! Highly qualified guides ensure unique and unforgettable adventures with a personal touch. Visit Explore the Arctic | | | THE FULL MOON AND JUPITER: When the sun goes down tonight, step outside and look east. If you have a clear view of the horizon, you'll see Jupiter and the full Moon rising together in the constellation Libra. They'll be shining side-by-side all night long, soaring high in the southern sky at midnight. Jupiter is unusually bright because it is nearing its closest approach to Earth. This makes the conjunction extra-luminous and visible even from light polluted urban areas. Sky maps: April 29, 30. FULL MOON HALOS: The Moon is full. That means it's time to be alert for Moon halos. Maxime Spano photographed this one last night from the La Silla Observatory in Chile: Moon halos are caused by ice crystals in cirrus clouds, which catch rays of moonlight and bend them into a 22o ring. Bright full Moons are great at making these halos--and you don't have to be in a cold place to see them. Halo-forming ice crystals float 5 km to 10 km above the ground where the air is always freezing regardless of the season. "I'm currently observing using the Euler Swiss telescope," says Spano. "Last night's sky was quite hazy, not nice for my observations, but perfect for Moon halos. Jupiter had the good idea to be exactly 22 degrees from the Moon and, as a result, happened to be a nice add-on to the halo itself." Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery FAR-OUT MOTHER'S DAY GIFT: Mother's Day is only two weeks away. To get ready, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched an array of cosmic ray sensors to the stratosphere onboard a helium balloon. This Mother's Day gift went along for the ride: You can have it for $199.95. The students are selling these sterling silver pendants as a fund-raiser for their cosmic ray monitoring program. All proceeds support atmospheric radiation measurements and hands-on STEM education. Each pendant comes with a greeting card showing the jewelry in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again. Mom-satisfaction guaranteed. Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store All proceeds support hands-on STEM education THE GOLDEN HANDLE: Once a month, about 4 days before the full Moon, the sun rises behind the Moon's towering Jura Mountains. For a few magic hours, sunlight dances along the mountain crest while the hardened lava plains below remain in darkness. These are the hours of the Golden Handle. Peter Lowenstein observed the phenomenon on April 26th from Mutare, Zimbabwe: "I was lucky to catch it," says Lowenstein. "The night sky was perfectly clear when the crest of the Jura Mountains lit up, curving around the edge of Sinus Iridium (the Bay of Rainbows) to form the Golden Handle. This only happens when the Moon is about 11 days old." The Golden Handle was famously depicted in Stanley Kubrick's 2001: a Space Odyssey when the lunar lander Aries departed en route to the Moon. It's next appearance is slated for May 25, 2018, when the sun rises again over Montes Jura. Lunar photographers, mark your calendar. Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Apr. 29, 2018, the network reported 6 fireballs. (4 sporadics, 2 eta Aquariids) In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On April 29, 2018 there were 1907 potentially hazardous asteroids. | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | 2018 GH | 2018-Apr-25 | 14.6 LD | 10.7 | 89 | 2018 HP | 2018-Apr-26 | 11.6 LD | 10.3 | 20 | 2018 GH5 | 2018-Apr-27 | 12.2 LD | 12.7 | 32 | 2018 GB2 | 2018-Apr-27 | 17.1 LD | 14.6 | 92 | 2013 US3 | 2018-Apr-29 | 10.1 LD | 7.7 | 214 | 2018 GO4 | 2018-Apr-29 | 11.8 LD | 8.6 | 40 | 2018 GY1 | 2018-Apr-29 | 13.2 LD | 16.7 | 140 | 2018 FV4 | 2018-Apr-29 | 17.7 LD | 6.5 | 59 | 2002 JR100 | 2018-Apr-29 | 10.8 LD | 7.7 | 49 | 2018 HF2 | 2018-Apr-30 | 18.6 LD | 6.8 | 20 | 2018 HM2 | 2018-Apr-30 | 8.8 LD | 6.5 | 65 | 2018 HB1 | 2018-May-02 | 10.1 LD | 9.2 | 38 | 2018 HR1 | 2018-May-04 | 17.4 LD | 16.4 | 50 | 1999 FN19 | 2018-May-07 | 9.7 LD | 5.7 | 118 | 2016 JQ5 | 2018-May-08 | 6.3 LD | 10.4 | 9 | 388945 | 2018-May-09 | 6.5 LD | 9 | 295 | 2018 GR2 | 2018-May-11 | 13.4 LD | 9.8 | 109 | 1999 LK1 | 2018-May-15 | 13.3 LD | 10 | 141 | 2018 GL1 | 2018-May-18 | 14.3 LD | 5.2 | 66 | 68347 | 2018-May-29 | 9.5 LD | 13.3 | 389 | 2013 LE7 | 2018-May-31 | 17.8 LD | 1.7 | 12 | 2018 EJ4 | 2018-Jun-10 | 5.6 LD | 6.2 | 195 | 2015 DP155 | 2018-Jun-11 | 9 LD | 4.4 | 170 | 2017 YE5 | 2018-Jun-21 | 15.6 LD | 15.5 | 513 | 467309 | 2018-Jun-23 | 17.9 LD | 14 | 355 | 441987 | 2018-Jun-24 | 7.3 LD | 12.6 | 178 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | Readers, thank you for your patience while we continue to develop this new section of Spaceweather.com. We've been working to streamline our data reduction, allowing us to post results from balloon flights much more rapidly, and we have developed a new data product, shown here: This plot displays radiation measurements not only in the stratosphere, but also at aviation altitudes. Dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. These measurements are made by our usual cosmic ray payload as it passes through aviation altitudes en route to the stratosphere over California. What is this all about? Approximately once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with radiation sensors that detect cosmic rays, a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. Cosmic rays can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. Furthermore, there are studies ( #1, #2, #3, #4) linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death in the general population. Our latest measurements show that cosmic rays are intensifying, with an increase of more than 13% since 2015: Why are cosmic rays intensifying? The main reason is the sun. Solar storm clouds such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays when they pass by Earth. During Solar Maximum, CMEs are abundant and cosmic rays are held at bay. Now, however, the solar cycle is swinging toward Solar Minimum, allowing cosmic rays to return. Another reason could be the weakening of Earth's magnetic field, which helps protect us from deep-space radiation. The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. The data points in the graph above correspond to the peak of the Reneger-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Reneger and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | the underlying science of space weather | | Reviews here can help you to pick up best memory foam mattresses. | | These links help Spaceweather.com stay online. Thank you to our supporters! | | | | | | | | | | | | ©2017 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips. | |