Solar wind
speed: 382.5 km/sec
density: 1.12 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 0844 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M1 1530 UT Aug02
24-hr: M7 0455 UT Aug02
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2050 UT
Daily Sun: 02 Aug 24
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
Seven of these sunspots have beta-gamma and/or delta-class magnetic fields that harbor energy for strong solar flares. This is an unusually large number of potential flare sites. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 260
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 02 Aug 2024

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2024 total: 0 days (0%)
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)
Updated 02 Aug 2024

Thermosphere Climate Index
 today: 24.14x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 01 Aug 2024

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 234 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 02 Aug 2024

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts
Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -6.8% Low
48-hr change: -2.8%
Max: +11.7% Very High (12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 02 Aug 2024 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3.00 quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 3.27 nT
Bz: -0.15 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 0845 UT
Coronal Holes: 02 Aug 24

There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun. Credit: SDO/AIA

Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough:

On July 31, 2024, the Arctic stratosphere is much too warm for Type II polar stratospheric clouds. | more data.

Noctilucent Clouds
They're back! The northern season for NLCs is underway. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle on May 25, 2024, by the NOAA 21 satellite. The clouds have since spread, and now observers are seeing from the ground as well:

noctilucent clouds
Updated: July 30, 2024

An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). In the daily map, above, each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2024 Aug 01 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
75 %
75 %
CLASS X
25 %
25 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2024 Aug 01 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
30 %
30 %
MINOR
10 %
35 %
SEVERE
01 %
20 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
05 %
MINOR
25 %
20 %
SEVERE
40 %
70 %
 
Friday, Aug. 2, 2024
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH (G2): NOAA has issued a geomagnetic storm watch for Aug. 3rd, when a CME is expected to graze Earth's magnetic field. Hurled into space by an M8-class solar flare, the CME could spark a G2-class geomagnetic storm with naked-eye auroras in northern-tier US states. CME Impact alerts: SMS Text

SUNSPOT COUNTS HIT A 23-YEAR HIGH: The sun is partying like it's 2001. That's the last time sunspot counts were as high as they are now. The monthly average sunspot number for July 2024 was 196.5, according to the Royal Observatory of Belgium's Solar Influences Data Analysis Center. This eclipses every month since Dec. 2001:

Solar Cycle 25 wasn't expected to be this strong. When it began in Dec. 2019, experts predicted it would be a weak cycle like its immediate predecessor Solar Cycle 24. If that forecast had panned out, Solar Cycle 25 would be one of the weakest solar cycles in a century.

Instead, Solar Cycle 25 has shot past Solar Cycle 24 and may be on pace to rival some of the stronger cycles of the 20th century. Already in May 2024 we have experienced a century-class geomagnetic storm with auroras sighted in the South Pacific, central America and south Africa.


Above: A composite image of sunspots in July 2024. credit: Senol Sanli

The last time sunspot numbers were this high, the sun was on the verge of launching the Great Halloween Storms of 2003, which included the strongest X-ray solar flare ever recorded (X45) and a CME so powerful it was ultimately detected by the Voyager spacecraft at the edge of the solar system.

Is this Solar Max? The jury is still out. Sunspot numbers may continue to rise in the months ahead and, based on the behavior of previous cycles, we can confidently expect high solar activity for at least 2 to 3 more years. Stay tuned! Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

AURORAS IN THE USA: A Cannibal CME hit Earth on July 30th, followed by two lesser CMEs on July 31st. None of the impacts was strong, but together they sparked photographic auroras in more than a dozen US states. Terrence Cook was driving down I-80 near Billings, Montana, when the light show began:

"I pulled over to enjoy the show, and during the brightest lights of the night, two horses visited us from the dark," says Cook. "They even seemed to be aware of it, although much more interested in us."

Similar auroras could appear on Aug. 3rd when a potent CME is expected to graze Earth's magnetic field. The off-target CME *might* miss, but if it doesn't, G2-storms are likely. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter

SILK SPACE ROSE: This rose will last forever, and it has been to the edge of space. On Jan. 4th, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched it onboard a cosmic ray research balloon. At the apex of the flight it floated 111,424 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California:

You can have it for $126.65. The students are selling space roses to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each silk bloom comes with a greeting card showing the rose in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again. Also included are the glass dome, wooden base, and an LED light kit to make your rose glisten like the stars.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter

Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter

Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Aug 01, 2024, the network reported 30 fireballs.
(14 sporadics, 7 Perseids, 5 southern Delta Aquariids, 4 alpha Capricornids)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On August 2, 2024 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2024 NZ1
2024-Jul-28
19.5 LD
12.7
56
523664
2024-Jul-28
14.9 LD
23.7
680
2024 OE2
2024-Jul-28
6 LD
8.8
13
2024 OK
2024-Jul-28
6.9 LD
4.6
12
2024 OH
2024-Jul-29
19.2 LD
12.6
41
2024 OO1
2024-Jul-29
14.4 LD
10
43
2024 OF
2024-Jul-29
18.7 LD
10.1
66
2024 OB1
2024-Jul-29
14.8 LD
9.1
32
2024 OS1
2024-Jul-30
12 LD
14.1
45
2024 OT1
2024-Jul-30
2.2 LD
14.6
17
2024 OO
2024-Aug-01
5.2 LD
11.3
28
2024 OE
2024-Aug-01
3.9 LD
9.3
61
2024 NS1
2024-Aug-02
5.3 LD
7.6
45
2020 PN1
2024-Aug-02
18 LD
5.5
29
2024 OJ2
2024-Aug-03
18.7 LD
10.4
36
2024 OC
2024-Aug-04
19.4 LD
10
132
2023 HB7
2024-Aug-05
14.7 LD
6.1
32
2017 TU1
2024-Aug-05
10.1 LD
10.1
22
2024 OF2
2024-Aug-06
10.3 LD
12.1
45
2024 OR1
2024-Aug-06
8.9 LD
8.4
35
2024 OM1
2024-Aug-06
3.7 LD
12.2
50
2024 KH3
2024-Aug-10
14.6 LD
11.4
190
2024 ON2
2024-Aug-12
17.8 LD
14.1
36
2024 OS
2024-Aug-13
20 LD
7
28
2024 OB2
2024-Aug-14
19.9 LD
19.4
71
2021 GY1
2024-Aug-16
17.7 LD
6.3
59
2024 JV33
2024-Aug-19
12 LD
11.1
205
2022 BF2
2024-Aug-19
19.7 LD
16.4
91
2020 RL
2024-Aug-27
12.2 LD
8.2
34
2021 RA10
2024-Aug-28
6.8 LD
4.9
29
2012 SX49
2024-Aug-29
11.2 LD
4.3
20
2016 RJ20
2024-Aug-30
18.3 LD
14.8
68
2021 JT
2024-Sep-01
16.4 LD
8.2
12
2021 RB16
2024-Sep-02
12.3 LD
8.4
15
2007 RX8
2024-Sep-02
18.5 LD
7
44
2022 SR
2024-Sep-07
9.1 LD
6.3
42
2023 SP2
2024-Sep-09
15.3 LD
4.2
8
2016 TU19
2024-Sep-11
13.2 LD
10.1
47
2019 DJ1
2024-Sep-15
10.4 LD
4.9
15
2024 ON
2024-Sep-17
2.6 LD
8.9
312
2013 FW13
2024-Sep-18
8.5 LD
15.6
162
2022 SW3
2024-Sep-19
6.8 LD
9.2
37
2015 SH
2024-Sep-19
11.6 LD
5.9
9
2023 RX1
2024-Sep-20
10.1 LD
1.1
3
2018 VG
2024-Sep-20
13.4 LD
7.3
12
2020 GE
2024-Sep-24
1.7 LD
2.2
8
2011 ST12
2024-Sep-27
17.6 LD
7.4
19
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics.
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

Spaceweather.com welcomes these supporters of science communication: RV Sales and Arizona Web Design & SEO and Ketamine Treatment & Therapy and Plan B Facility Services | Pest Control in Phoenix | HVAC repair in South Jersey 

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs
Got a chipped or cracked windshield that prevents you from seeing space weather events while driving? Get windshield replacement from SR Windows & Glass with free mobile auto glass service anywhere in the Phoenix area.
NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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T CrB NOVA WATCH
today: m=9.9 (Aug 02.1)
yesterday: m=10.1
more: AAVSO data | sky map

Explanation: When the nova explodes, the visual magnitude of the star (m) will jump from +10 (invisible to the naked eye) to +2 (about as bright as the North Star).



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