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Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp=
2 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3 quiet
explanation | more
data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.48 nT
Bz: -0.32 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 0235 UT
Coronal Holes: 17 May 22

Solar wind flowing from this coronal hole should reach Earth on May 20-21. Credit: SDO/AIA
Noctilucent Clouds
NASA's AIM spacecraft has started monitoring the north pole for signs of noctilucent clouds. The first NLCs of the season are expected to appear in mid-May.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated
May17
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts |
|
Updated at: 2022 May 17 2200 UTC
FLARE |
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
CLASS M |
35
% |
35
% |
CLASS X |
15
% |
15
% |
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant
disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor
storm, severe
storm
Updated at: 2022 May 17 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
20
% |
30
% |
MINOR |
05
% |
10
% |
SEVERE |
01
% |
01
% |
High latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
20
% |
15
% |
MINOR |
30
% |
30
% |
SEVERE |
25
% |
40
% |
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
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Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora your guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!
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FARSIDE SUNSPOTS: Today, there are 8 sunspot groups on the solar disk--the most in years. Get ready for two more. NASA's STEREO-A spacecraft is monitoring a pair of extreme ultraviolet hotspots behind the sun's eastern limb. It is probably the glow of two more sunspot groups. The active regions will rotate into view by mid-week. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text
TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE MOON: There's something magic about the darkness that falls during a lunar eclipse. The nightscape should be flooded full moonlight. Instead, the stars pop out. On May 15th, Brad Goldpaint photographed the phenomenon from Farmington, New Mexico:

"One of my favorite memories from a number of years ago was experiencing the darkness during totality--and it happened again on Sunday night," says Goldpaint. "This image tries to capture that mystical display to show just how many stars were visible during the total lunar eclipse."
This eclipse was actually extra magical--a result of volcanic ash. Earlier this year, an undersea volcano erupted near Tonga, hurling 400 million kilograms of ash and fumes deep into the stratosphere. During a lunar eclipse, most of the light illuminating the Moon passes through Earth's stratosphere where it is reddened by scattering. Lingering exhaust from Tonga almost certainly made this eclipse darker and redder than usual.
Stars also came out in Los Angeles. Laura-May Abron sends this picture of the red Moon floating above a 'milky way' of city lights:

"I work at Griffith Observatory in Los Angeles and shot the eclipse rising above it on a wide angle lens and Nikon D700," says Abron. "I was the only person on the hill, but could hear the cheers from the crowd gathered at the Observatory, enjoying the eclipse!"
Realtime Lunar Eclipse Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
"I LOVE YOU MORE" MOONSTONE PENDANT: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Nothing says "I love you" like a moonstone from space. This one hitched a ride on an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon, floating 112,201 feet above the Sierra Nevada mountains of central California:

You can have it for $142.95. The students are selling these sterling silver infinity-wrapped moonstone pendants to support their ballooning program. Engraved with "I Love You More," it makes a romantic anniversary or birthday gift. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the moonstone in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Every night, a network
of NASA
all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United
States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software
maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office
calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth
in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics.
Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On May 17, 2022, the network reported 11 fireballs.
(9 sporadics, 1 eta Aquariid, 1 northern daytime omega Cetid)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue).
[Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs)
are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that
can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the
known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet,
although astronomers are finding new
ones all the time.
On May 18, 2022 there were 2280 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 |
Recent
& Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid |
Date(UT) |
Miss Distance |
Velocity (km/s) |
Diameter (m) |
2022 JV1 |
2022-May-12 |
2.1 LD |
6.5 |
11 |
2022 JR |
2022-May-12 |
7.4 LD |
9.4 |
22 |
2022 JP1 |
2022-May-13 |
2.6 LD |
22.6 |
41 |
2022 JO |
2022-May-15 |
8.8 LD |
7.7 |
25 |
2022 JU |
2022-May-15 |
19.9 LD |
6 |
26 |
2012 UX68 |
2022-May-15 |
2.5 LD |
8.2 |
54 |
388945 |
2022-May-15 |
15 LD |
8.2 |
293 |
2022 JC1 |
2022-May-16 |
6.4 LD |
10 |
31 |
2013 UX |
2022-May-17 |
16.8 LD |
16.3 |
141 |
2021 WY |
2022-May-18 |
16.9 LD |
9 |
65 |
2022 JQ1 |
2022-May-19 |
11.5 LD |
4.9 |
23 |
2022 HD1 |
2022-May-20 |
15.3 LD |
6.8 |
60 |
7335 |
2022-May-27 |
10.5 LD |
13.1 |
1078 |
2022 JU1 |
2022-May-27 |
15.1 LD |
6.1 |
37 |
2022 JY |
2022-May-28 |
15.1 LD |
10.9 |
67 |
2021 KO2 |
2022-May-30 |
3.1 LD |
14.8 |
9 |
2022 HT2 |
2022-May-30 |
11.9 LD |
15.7 |
224 |
2020 DA4 |
2022-Jun-01 |
5.5 LD |
8.9 |
26 |
2021 GT2 |
2022-Jun-06 |
9.5 LD |
7.5 |
50 |
2018 LU2 |
2022-Jun-09 |
14.8 LD |
10.7 |
16 |
2006 XW4 |
2022-Jun-12 |
5.9 LD |
7.3 |
49 |
2022 GU6 |
2022-Jun-12 |
3.2 LD |
8.4 |
88 |
2015 WP2 |
2022-Jun-26 |
18.5 LD |
11.4 |
3 |
2022 JE1 |
2022-Jul-03 |
8.5 LD |
5.6 |
71 |
2021 EL4 |
2022-Jul-05 |
19.8 LD |
9.5 |
25 |
2015 OQ21 |
2022-Jul-12 |
18.3 LD |
6.6 |
9 |
Notes: LD means
"Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance
between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256
AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on
the date of closest approach.
|
Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:

This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.
We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset.
En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:
The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
|
The
official U.S. government space weather bureau |
|
The
first place to look for information about sundogs,
pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
|
Researchers
call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO
is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
|
3D
views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial
Relations Observatory |
|
Realtime
and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
|
information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
|
from
the NOAA Space Environment Center |
|
fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
|
from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
|
the
underlying science of space weather |
 |
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