SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

Solar wind
speed: 327.5 km/sec
density: 16.82 protons/cm³
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1211 UT

X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C5 2116 UT Jun10
24-hr: C5 2116 UT Jun10
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 0015 UT

Daily Sun: 10 Jun 23

Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington

Sunspot AR3327 has a 'beta-gamma' magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 152
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 10 Jun 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)
Updated 10 Jun 2023

Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 20.32x10¹⁰ W Warm
Max: 49.4x10¹⁰ W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05x10¹⁰ W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 10 Jun 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 164 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 10 Jun 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts
Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -0.1% Below Average
48-hr change: +0.8%
Max: +11.7% Very High (12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 10 Jun 2023 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:

Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation

Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.00 quiet
explanation | more data

Interplanetary Mag. Field
B_total: 6.12 nT
B_z: 2.45 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1212 UT

Coronal Holes: 10 Jun 23

There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.. Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
Bad news: NASA's AIM spacecraft, which monitors noctilucent clouds, may be dead due to problems with an onboard battery. Mission controllers have not yet given up all hope, so stay tuned.

Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar

Updated Jun10

SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts

Updated at: 2023 Jun 10 2200 UTC

FLARE	0-24 hr	24-48 hr
CLASS M	25 %	25 %
CLASS X	05 %	05 %

Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm

Updated at: 2023 Jun 10 2200 UTC

Mid-latitudes

	0-24 hr	24-48 hr
ACTIVE	20 %	20 %
MINOR	05 %	05 %
SEVERE	01 %	01 %

High latitudes

	0-24 hr	24-48 hr
ACTIVE	15 %	15 %
MINOR	20 %	20 %
SEVERE	20 %	25 %


		Sunday, Jun. 11, 2023
	What's up in space	Sunday, Jun. 11, 2023

Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being. This is an AI Free Zone!

MANY FARSIDE SUNSPOTS: Helioseismic maps of the farside of the sun show multiple large active regions, probably sunspots. This means the sunspot number should remain high as the sun turns on its axis in the weeks ahead. Disappearing Earthside sunspots will be replaced by farside counterparts. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

M-FLARE FROM AN UNEXPECTED SOURCE: Sunspot AR3331 exploded on June 9th (1711 UT), producing an M2.5-class solar flare. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory captured the extreme ultraviolet flash:

A pulse of radiation ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere. This, in turn, caused a minor blackout of shortwave radio transmissions over the Gulf of Mexico: map. Mariners may have noticed loss of signal at frequencies below 15 MHz for as much as 30 minutes after the flare.

Priviously, this sunspot was not thought to pose a threat for strong solar flares. AR3331 may have some tricks up its sleeve as it turns toward Earth this weekend. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter

SATURN'S CAT PENDANT: It's a far-out gift for the cat-lover in your life: Saturn's Cat. The sterling silver pendant touched space on April 29, 2023, when it hitched a ride onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon.

You can have it for $142.95. The students of Earth to Sky Calculus are selling space pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter

All Sky Fireball Network

Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Jun 10, 2023, the network reported 10 fireballs.
(10 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

Near Earth Asteroids

Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.

On June 11, 2023 there were 2335 potentially hazardous asteroids.

Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:

Asteroid	Date(UT)	Miss Distance	Velocity (km/s)	Diameter (m)
2023 LB	2023-Jun-05	5.9 LD	19.9	47
2023 KW2	2023-Jun-06	11.8 LD	10.1	65
2018 KR	2023-Jun-06	6.7 LD	4.8	19
2023 LC	2023-Jun-07	0.7 LD	4.4	7
2017 UJ2	2023-Jun-07	5.3 LD	5.6	2
2023 LM	2023-Jun-09	16.4 LD	3.8	22
2023 LD	2023-Jun-09	2.5 LD	9.1	18
2023 JB3	2023-Jun-09	14.1 LD	6.9	52
2023 LL	2023-Jun-10	5.5 LD	13.6	36
2023 LA	2023-Jun-12	1.7 LD	10.4	32
488453	2023-Jun-12	8.3 LD	21.5	495
2022 WN4	2023-Jun-13	10.8 LD	15.1	158
2020 DB5	2023-Jun-15	11.3 LD	9.5	506
2023 HL	2023-Jun-17	13.5 LD	1	15
2016 LK49	2023-Jun-19	17.4 LD	19.4	22
2023 HF1	2023-Jun-21	12.5 LD	4.4	59
467336	2023-Jun-24	17.4 LD	7.1	269
2008 LG2	2023-Jun-24	10.5 LD	5.6	32
2013 WV44	2023-Jun-28	9.1 LD	11.8	95
2022 MM1	2023-Jun-29	9.5 LD	9.8	41
2020 NC	2023-Jul-02	13.9 LD	7.7	123
2023 HO6	2023-Jul-05	5.3 LD	7.8	236
2019 LH5	2023-Jul-07	14.9 LD	21.6	281
2018 NW	2023-Jul-10	18 LD	21.8	10
2018 UY	2023-Jul-12	7.4 LD	16.4	243
2020 UQ3	2023-Jul-18	3.2 LD	9.3	59
2022 GX2	2023-Jul-20	11.9 LD	9.4	5
2020 OM	2023-Jul-20	8.5 LD	9.5	14
2015 MA54	2023-Jul-24	16.6 LD	9.2	31
2018 BG5	2023-Jul-27	10.7 LD	8.4	56
2020 PP1	2023-Jul-29	17 LD	4.1	17
2021 BD3	2023-Jul-30	14 LD	8.5	25
2016 AW65	2023-Jul-31	16.6 LD	5.7	54
2020 PN1	2023-Aug-03	10.8 LD	4.8	29
620082	2023-Aug-04	14 LD	20.6	375
2004 KG1	2023-Aug-06	18.7 LD	9.2	54

Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.

Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

Essential web links

NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center

The official U.S. government space weather bureau

Atmospheric Optics

The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.

Solar Dynamics Observatory

Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.

STEREO

3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory

Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.

SolarMonitor.org

information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary

Starlink Satellite Statistics

current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page

The Aerospace Corporation

Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries

Daily Sunspot Summaries

from the NOAA Space Environment Center

NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts

fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.

Aurora 30 min forecast

from the NOAA Space Environment Center

Live Aurora Webcam

from Lights over Lapland

Heliophysics

the underlying science of space weather

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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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