 |
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Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp=
1 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3 quiet
explanation | more
data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.22 nT
Bz: -2.99 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 0856 UT
Coronal Holes: 28 Jun 22
There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun. Credit: SDO/AIA
Noctilucent Clouds
Noctilucent cloud season is underway. The clouds are currently spreading as far south as +45N.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated
Jun28
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts |
|
Updated at: 2022 Jun 27 2200 UTC
FLARE |
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
CLASS M |
10
% |
10
% |
CLASS X |
01
% |
01
% |
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant
disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor
storm, severe
storm
Updated at: 2022 Jun 27 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
35
% |
25
% |
MINOR |
15
% |
05
% |
SEVERE |
01
% |
01
% |
High latitudes
|
0-24
hr |
24-48
hr |
ACTIVE |
10
% |
20
% |
MINOR |
30
% |
30
% |
SEVERE |
50
% |
30
% |
|
|
|
 |
|
|
|
| |
|
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Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora your guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!
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MINOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: There is a chance of minor geomagnetic storms on June 28th and 29th when CMEs might sideswipe or even directly hit Earth's magnetic field. This is a low confidence forecast. A confusing mish-mash of overlapping CMEs left the sun in recent days, especially on June 26th, and it has been difficult to determine their trajectories. Aurora alerts: SMS Text
A BIG COMET IS APPROACHING EARTH: For the past 3 million years, Comet C/2017 K2 (PanSTARRS) has been falling toward the sun, a long, slow journey from the outer solar system. Finally, it's here. Michael Jaeger photographed it on June 25th from Martinsberg, Austria:
"This is a 22-minute exposure with my 16-inch telescope," says Jaeger. "The comet was about 9th magnitude."
"Comet K2" caused a sensation when it was discovered in 2017. At first, it appeared to be one of the biggest comets in modern history, with a nucleus as much as 160 km wide. Hubble Space Telescope observations have since downsized the comet to 18 km. That is still big (typical comet nuclei measure 1 to 3 km), but not a record setter.
The comet will make its closest approach to Earth (1.8 AU away) on July 14th, brightening to 7th or 8th magnitude. This is too dim to see with the naked eye, but an easy target for backyard telescopes. Comet K2 may be found high in the midnight sky in the constellation Ophiuchus. Resources: sky maps, 3D orbit, light curve.
more images: from Roland Fichtl of Engelhardsberg, Germany; from José J. Chambó of Valencia, Spain; from Fritz Helmut Hemmerich of Alhama de Granada, Spain; from Alessandro Bianconi of Dolianova, Italy; from Paul Robinson in the Sierra Nevada mountains of California; from Lionel Majzik of Hakos, Khomas, Namibia
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
STERLING SILVER RAINBOW DRAGONFLY (GOLDEN HEART): Are you looking for a far-out gift? Consider a rainbow dragonfly from the edge of space. On June 3, 2022, this sterling silver pendant hitched a ride onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:
You can have it for $172.95. The dragonfly's heart is a golden Celtic love knot, and its wings are decorated with a spray of rainbow-colored crystals. The students are selling dragonfly pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Every night, a network
of NASA
all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United
States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software
maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office
calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth
in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics.
Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On June 28, 2022, the network reported 5 fireballs.
(5 sporadics)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue).
[Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs)
are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that
can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the
known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet,
although astronomers are finding new
ones all the time.
On June 28, 2022 there were 2279 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 |
Recent
& Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
| Asteroid |
Date(UT) |
Miss Distance |
Velocity (km/s) |
Diameter (m) |
| 2022 LS1 |
2022-Jun-23 |
18.9 LD |
9.9 |
35 |
| 2022 MP1 |
2022-Jun-23 |
10.2 LD |
8.8 |
29 |
| 2022 MR |
2022-Jun-24 |
13.3 LD |
9.4 |
45 |
| 2022 LB2 |
2022-Jun-25 |
5 LD |
8.3 |
22 |
| 2022 LV |
2022-Jun-25 |
2 LD |
3.6 |
22 |
| 2015 WP2 |
2022-Jun-26 |
18.5 LD |
11.4 |
3 |
| 2022 MD |
2022-Jun-26 |
14 LD |
8.3 |
52 |
| 2022 MQ |
2022-Jun-27 |
7.5 LD |
12.1 |
97 |
| 2022 MP |
2022-Jun-27 |
6.6 LD |
7.7 |
57 |
| 2022 ML |
2022-Jun-27 |
12.9 LD |
9.1 |
31 |
| 2022 MJ |
2022-Jun-27 |
14 LD |
12.2 |
54 |
| 2022 MN1 |
2022-Jun-28 |
0.9 LD |
9.9 |
12 |
| 2022 MS |
2022-Jul-01 |
8.3 LD |
6 |
28 |
| 2022 MF |
2022-Jul-02 |
14.8 LD |
12.1 |
40 |
| 2022 MB1 |
2022-Jul-02 |
19.1 LD |
6.3 |
17 |
| 2022 JE1 |
2022-Jul-03 |
8.6 LD |
5.6 |
74 |
| 2022 MY |
2022-Jul-05 |
13 LD |
7.2 |
25 |
| 2021 EL4 |
2022-Jul-05 |
19.8 LD |
9.5 |
25 |
| 2015 OQ21 |
2022-Jul-12 |
18.3 LD |
6.6 |
9 |
| 2022 LR1 |
2022-Jul-16 |
9.3 LD |
4.7 |
42 |
| 2022 KY4 |
2022-Jul-17 |
15.9 LD |
7.6 |
91 |
| 2021 OT |
2022-Jul-17 |
16.5 LD |
11.2 |
20 |
| 349068 |
2022-Jul-19 |
17.6 LD |
22.9 |
756 |
| 2017 RX2 |
2022-Jul-24 |
17.2 LD |
14.2 |
17 |
| 2016 CZ31 |
2022-Jul-29 |
7 LD |
15.6 |
129 |
| 531944 |
2022-Jul-30 |
18.2 LD |
5.9 |
192 |
| 2020 PP1 |
2022-Aug-01 |
13.1 LD |
3.7 |
17 |
| 2020 PN1 |
2022-Aug-03 |
9.7 LD |
4.6 |
29 |
| 2015 FF |
2022-Aug-12 |
11.2 LD |
9.2 |
17 |
| 2019 AV13 |
2022-Aug-22 |
19.1 LD |
8.8 |
135 |
| 2020 QW3 |
2022-Aug-22 |
14.1 LD |
18.1 |
30 |
| 2015 QH3 |
2022-Aug-22 |
5.6 LD |
7 |
14 |
Notes: LD means
"Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance
between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256
AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on
the date of closest approach.
| |
Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data:
This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out.
We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset.
En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere:
The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
.Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| |
The
official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| |
The
first place to look for information about sundogs,
pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| |
Researchers
call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO
is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| |
3D
views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial
Relations Observatory |
| |
Realtime
and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| |
information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| |
from
the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| |
fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| |
from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| |
the
underlying science of space weather |
 |
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