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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids

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Science news and information about the Sun-Earth environment.

SPACE WEATHER
Current
Conditions

Solar Wind

speed: 429.9 km/s
density:
1.3 protons/cm3
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at 2246 UT

X-ray Solar Flares

6-hr max:
C1 1650 UT Sep07
24-hr: C2 1525 UT Sep07
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at 2245 UT

Daily Sun: 07 Sep '04
The sunspot number is rising with the emergence of several new, small sunspots. Image credit: SOHO/MDI

The Far Side of the Sun

This holographic image reveals one or two small sunspots on the far side of the sun. Image credit: SOHO/MDI


Sunspot Number: 82
What is the sunspot number?
Updated: 06 Sep 2004

Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 3.9 nT
Bz:
1.1 nT south
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at 2247 UT

Coronal Holes:

Earth has entered a weak solar wind stream flowing from the indicated coronal hole; so far this has done little to spark auroras. Image credit: SOHO Extreme UV Telescope


SPACE WEATHER
NOAA
Forecasts

Solar Flares: Probabilities for a medium-sized (M-class) or a major (X-class) solar flare during the next 24/48 hours are tabulated below.
Updated at 2004 Sep 07 2200 UTC
FLARE 0-24 hr 24-48 hr
CLASS M 15 % 15 %
CLASS X 01 % 01 %

Geomagnetic Storms: Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at 2004 Sep 07 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr 24-48 hr
ACTIVE 20 % 20 %
MINOR 15 % 10 %
SEVERE 05 % 05 %

High latitudes
0-24 hr 24-48 hr
ACTIVE 30 % 30 %
MINOR 20 % 15 %
SEVERE 05 % 05 %

What's Up in Space -- 7 Sep 2004
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New! Sky Calls is an astronomy-based educational program, perfect for home schoolers. Check it out.

GENESIS FIREBALL: On Wednesday morning, September 8th, a daylight fireball will streak across the western United States. It's the Genesis capsule returning samples of the Sun to Earth. Get the full story from Science@NASA.

JUST RELEASED: A detailed map of the Genesis ground track shows the changing visual magnitude of the fireball as it traverses Oregon, Nevada and Utah. The fireball will be most luminous over northern Nevada. Credit: Bill Cooke of NASA, based on calculations by Los Alamos fireball expert Douglas ReVelle.

Observing Tips: To see the fireball, you must be within 50 miles of Genesis' ground track. Watch the sky between between 8:52 and 8:56 a.m. PDT. Unless you're directly beneath the track, the fireball will likely be low in the sky, so pay attention to the horizon. Better yet, travel to the ground track, if you can, and look straight up.


Click to view the complete map.

The biggest town in position to view the event is Elko, NV (pop. 16,000). Click here to view an Excel file describing the fireball's sky-path over Elko. Advanced users of Rob Matson's SkyMap program can use this rocket trajectory file to produce sky maps for their own location. ("Time 0 in the rocket trajectory file should be set to 13:54:00 UT on September 8," says Bill Cooke.)

RADIO GENESIS: When Genesis reenters, the capsule will blaze a radio-reflecting plasma trail in the atmosphere above Oregon and Nevada. Ham radio operators might wish to try meteor-burst communications through that area between, say, 8:52 a.m. and 8:56 a.m. PDT on September 8th. Also, radio meteor listeners should turn their antennas toward the reentry path and listen for unusual pings.

MOON SHOT: "It's hard to beat the beauty of a Moon in a deep blue daytime sky," says amateur astronomer Becky Ramotowski. And to prove it, she took this picture on Sept. 5th from Tijeras, New Mexico:

"Notice how bright the crater Aristarchus appears on the upper left," notes Becky. The next few days are good ones for daylight moon watching. Simply step outside around, say, 9 o'clock in the morning, and look southwest. It really is beautiful; don't miss it!

DISAPPEARING STAR: On Sept. 5th, a 9th magnitude star named "TYC 0561-01224-1" winked out for almost 6 seconds while asteroid 754 Malabar glided in front of it. Giancarlo Ubaldo Nappi of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, captured the event on video: click here to see it (623 kb). There are lots of asteroids in the solar system, and they block out stars more often than you might think.



Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs are on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.

On 7 Sep 2004 there were 618 known Potentially
Hazardous Asteroids

July-Sept. 2004 Earth-asteroid encounters
ASTEROID

 MISS DISTANCE

 MAG.
1999 MN

July 11

8 LD

 16
2001 OY13

July 14

25 LD

 16
2000 PH5

July 25

5 LD

 17
2003 UX34

Sept. 9

22 LD

 18
2004 JA27

Sept. 10

23 LD

 19
1998 OX4

Sept. 14

25 LD

 18
Toutatis

Sept. 29

4 LD

 9
Notes: LD is a "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.

Essential Web Links

NOAA Space Environment Center -- The official U.S. government bureau for real-time monitoring of solar and geophysical events, research in solar-terrestrial physics, and forecasting solar and geophysical disturbances.

Atmospheric Optics -- the first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. See also Snow Crystals.

Solar and Heliospheric Observatory -- Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. (European Mirror Site)

Daily Sunspot Summaries -- from the NOAA Space Environment Center.

Current Solar Images --a gallery of up-to-date solar pictures from the National Solar Data Analysis Center at the Goddard Space Flight Center. See also the GOES-12 Solar X-ray Imager.

Recent Solar Events -- a nice summary of current solar conditions from lmsal.com.

SOHO Farside Images of the Sun from SWAN and MDI.

The Latest SOHO Coronagraph Images -- from the Naval Research Lab

The Sun from Earth -- daily images of our star from the Big Bear Solar Observatory

List of Potentially Hazardous Asteroids -- from the Harvard Minor Planet Center.

Observable Comets -- from the Harvard Minor Planet Center.

What is the Interplanetary Magnetic Field? -- A lucid answer from the University of Michigan. See also the Anatomy of Earth's Magnetosphere.

Real-time Solar Wind Data -- from NASA's ACE spacecraft. How powerful are solar wind gusts? Read this story from Science@NASA.

More Real-time Solar Wind Data -- from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Proton Monitor.

Aurora Forecast --from the University of Alaska's Geophysical Institute

Daily Solar Flare and Sunspot Data -- from the NOAA Space Environment Center.

Lists of Coronal Mass Ejections -- from 1998 to 2001

What is an Iridium flare? See also Photographing Satellites by Brian Webb.

Vandenberg AFB missile launch schedule.

What is an Astronomical Unit, or AU?

Mirages: Mirages in Finland; An Introduction to Mirages;

NOAA Solar Flare and Sunspot Data: 1999; 2000; 2001; 2002; 2003; Jan-Mar., 2004;

Space Audio Streams: (University of Florida) 20 MHz radio emissions from Jupiter: #1, #2, #3, #4; (NASA/Marshall) INSPIRE: #1; (Stan Nelson of Roswell, New Mexico) meteor radar: #1, #2;

Recent International Astronomical Union Circulars

GLOSSARY | SPACE WEATHER TUTORIAL

Editor's Note: This site is sponsored by Science@NASA. Space weather and other forecasts that appear here are formulated by Dr. Tony Phillips. They are not guarantees of space weather or other celestial activity.

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