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POSSIBLE CLOSE ENCOUNTER WITH A CME: NOAA forecasters say that a slow-moving CME might pass close to Earth today (Oct. 12th). It left the sun five days ago. The near miss could shove solar wind plasma onto Earth's magnetic field, sparking auroras around the Arctic Circle. Aurora alerts: SMS Text
DARK JETS FROM THE SUN: Yesterday, two jets of dark plasma shot out of sunspot AR3116. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observtory recorded the M-class eruptions:
The jets are dark because they are relatively cool--emphasis on "relatively." The temperature was only a little less 50,000 degrees K. It is the sun, after all. Often such eruptions produce coronal mass ejections (CMEs), but not this time. SOHO coronagraphs show no CMEs emerging from the blast site. Aurora alerts: SMS Text
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THE DEEP IMPACT OF DART: For the first time ever, human tech has altered the orbit of a planetary body. In a media briefing yesterday, NASA reported that DART's plunge into Dimorphos changed the orbital period of the asteroid moon by a whopping 32 minutes. NASA would have declared the mission a success with only a 73 second change, so this is a huge acomplishment. One of the revelations at the briefing was this new image from the Hubble Space Telescope:
It shows a long comet-like tail of debris behind the battered asteroid. The tail is made of fine dust blasted into space by DART's impact. The dust is so fine that individual dust grains can be pushed away from the asteroid by the gossamer pressure of sunlight. This is how comet tails are formed, too.
The Hubble image reveals for the first time that the tail of Dimorphos is splitting in two. Researchers don't yet know why.
In another surprise, NASA announced that recoil of ejecta from the asteroid's surface contributed significantly to the asteroid's orbit change. Previously, mission planners expected the mass of DART alone to play a role.
Above: This image from Italy's LICIACube spacecraft shows plumes of ejecta streaming from Dimorphos immediately after the impact on Sept. 26th.
Dimorphos is only 170 meters across, but its tail stretches 10,000 kilometers into space. These dimensions mean the tail can be seen by large amateur telescopes on Earth. Backyard astronomers can potentially monitor changes such as the continued splitting of the tail and interactions with the solar wind. Right now, Dimorphos is located south of the celestial equator, but it is moving north and will be within range of northern-hemisphere telescopes later this month.
More images: NASA DART Imagery Shows Changed Orbit of Target Asteroid
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ROSE QUARTZ HEART PENDANT: Take a heart shaped piece of rose quartz; wrap it in a sterling silver sunflower filigree; then launch it to space. That's how you make an Earth to Sky Rose Quartz Heart Pendant. Here's one flying 107,400 feet above Earth on Aug. 26th:
You can have it for $169.95. The students of Earth to Sky Calculus are selling space pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the edge of space. All sales support STEM science.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
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Every night, a network of
NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Oct 11, 2022, the network reported 5 fireballs.
(5 sporadics)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (
PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding
new ones all the time.
On October 12, 2022 there were 2299 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 |
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) |
| 2022 TC2 | 2022-Oct-07 | 7.1 LD | 4 | 10 |
| 2013 TJ6 | 2022-Oct-07 | 11.7 LD | 14.4 | 32 |
| 2022 TV | 2022-Oct-08 | 6.3 LD | 18.6 | 17 |
| 2022 TR | 2022-Oct-08 | 4 LD | 11.6 | 11 |
| 2022 SU21 | 2022-Oct-08 | 3.2 LD | 19.9 | 44 |
| 2022 SB29 | 2022-Oct-09 | 4.5 LD | 7.6 | 15 |
| 2022 SV11 | 2022-Oct-09 | 17.1 LD | 14.4 | 35 |
| 2022 SE10 | 2022-Oct-10 | 5.5 LD | 10.9 | 29 |
| 2022 TS | 2022-Oct-10 | 2.3 LD | 16.6 | 13 |
| 2022 RA5 | 2022-Oct-12 | 13.1 LD | 5.1 | 38 |
| 2022 TE1 | 2022-Oct-13 | 2.1 LD | 11.1 | 13 |
| 2022 SG6 | 2022-Oct-13 | 15.7 LD | 10.9 | 91 |
| 2013 SL20 | 2022-Oct-14 | 6.3 LD | 12.2 | 45 |
| 2022 TK1 | 2022-Oct-14 | 10 LD | 13 | 17 |
| 2022 SY10 | 2022-Oct-15 | 6.4 LD | 3.2 | 15 |
| 2022 SK48 | 2022-Oct-15 | 17.7 LD | 10.2 | 56 |
| 2020 TO2 | 2022-Oct-15 | 1.4 LD | 12.6 | 18 |
| 2020 BD | 2022-Oct-16 | 12.1 LD | 11.4 | 20 |
| 2022 SK15 | 2022-Oct-16 | 9.5 LD | 15.8 | 57 |
| 2022 QM6 | 2022-Oct-16 | 19.6 LD | 4.2 | 69 |
| 2022 SF63 | 2022-Oct-19 | 5.5 LD | 3.9 | 10 |
| 2022 RB5 | 2022-Oct-22 | 13.1 LD | 5.3 | 115 |
| 2005 AZ28 | 2022-Oct-24 | 11.5 LD | 5.4 | 48 |
| 2022 TY | 2022-Oct-25 | 15 LD | 5.1 | 19 |
| 2016 TH94 | 2022-Oct-25 | 19.1 LD | 13.5 | 43 |
| 2019 AN5 | 2022-Oct-27 | 20 LD | 6.8 | 215 |
| 2004 UT1 | 2022-Oct-29 | 4 LD | 6.3 | 17 |
| 2021 VH | 2022-Nov-01 | 5.9 LD | 5.3 | 4 |
| 2022 RM4 | 2022-Nov-01 | 6 LD | 23.5 | 443 |
| 2020 WD | 2022-Nov-08 | 3 LD | 6 | 8 |
| 2019 XS | 2022-Nov-10 | 16.7 LD | 11.9 | 60 |
| 2019 VL5 | 2022-Nov-15 | 8.5 LD | 8.1 | 24 |
| 2018 WH | 2022-Nov-16 | 2.5 LD | 7.7 | 4 |
| 2019 OR1 | 2022-Nov-21 | 18.1 LD | 13.4 | 246 |
| 2005 LW3 | 2022-Nov-23 | 3 LD | 13.5 | 168 |
| 2010 VQ | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.9 LD | 3.9 | 10 |
| 2009 HV58 | 2022-Dec-02 | 12.3 LD | 28.8 | 427 |
| 2017 QL33 | 2022-Dec-03 | 16 LD | 6.9 | 195 |
| 2019 XY | 2022-Dec-10 | 3.6 LD | 12.9 | 9 |
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| | The official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| | current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page |
| | Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
| | from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| | from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| | the underlying science of space weather |
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