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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 546.9 km/sec
density: 11.18 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M4
1752 UT May14
24-hr: X8
1651 UT May14
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 14 May 24
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
Earth-facing sunspot sunspot AR3676 has a 'beta-gamma-delta' magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares.Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 207
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 14 May 2024

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2024 total: 0 days (0%)
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 14 May 2024


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 26.59x1010 W Hot
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 14 May 2024

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 215 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 14 May 2024

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -8.5% Low
48-hr change: +4.0%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 14 May 2024 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.33
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 3.45 nT
Bz: 2.87 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1145 UT
Coronal Holes: 13 May 24

There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun. .
Credit: SDO/AIA

Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough:

On May 13, 2024, the Arctic stratosphere is much too warm for Type II polar stratospheric clouds. | more data.

Noctilucent Clouds
The southern season for NLCs is over. The first clouds were detected inside the Antarctic Circle on Dec. 4, 2023, by the NOAA 21 satellite. The same satellite detected the last cloud on Feb. 21, 2024. Daily maps are now blank:

noctilucent clouds
Updated: Feb 22, 2024

An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). Now that the southern season has ended, attention turns to the northern hemisphere. The first NLCs should appear inside the Arctic Circle in mid to late May.

SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2024 May 14 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
75 %
40 %
CLASS X
40 %
15 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2024 May 14 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
35 %
20 %
MINOR
30 %
05 %
SEVERE
10 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
10 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
25 %
SEVERE
65 %
25 %
 
Tuesday, May. 14, 2024
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH (G2): The big storm is over. Now for the little storm. NOAA forecasters say that minor (G1) to moderate (G2) geomagnetic storms are possible today in response to a glancing-blow CME from departing sunspot AR3664. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

STRONGEST SOLAR FLARE OF THE CURRENT CYCLE: Sunspot AR3664 just unleashed the strongest solar flare of the current solar cycle--an X8.7-category blast from beyond the sun's western limb. X marks the spot in this image of the flare from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory:

Because the sunspot is behind the edge of the solar disk, the flare was partially eclipsed. It was probably even stronger than it appeared. "X8.7" is almost certainly an underestimate of the flare's true strength.

Extreme ultraviolet radiation from the flare ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere, causing a deep shortwave radio blackout over the Americas. Ham radio operators, aviators and mariners may have noticed a sudden loss of signal at all frequencies below 30 MHz.

Subatomic debris from this event might soon reach Earth, guided toward our planet by the Parker Spiral (read the story below for more information). Also, a CME might be in the offing. Stay tuned for updates! Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
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EARTH IS CONNECTED TO SUNSPOT AR3664: Giant sunspot AR3664 is no longer facing Earth. That makes it extra dangerous. The Carrington-class sunspot is passing over the sun's western limb--a region of the sun that is magnetically connected to our planet. Indeed, we are feeling the effects of that connection right now; take a look at this map of ongoing radio blackouts:

Red zones in the map show where shortwave radio signals are being absorbed. Inside the Arctic Circle, frequencies below 30 MHz are almost completely blacked out, a nuisance for polar aviators and ham radio operators.

What's causing this? Protons accelerated by solar flares in the magnetic canopy of AR3664 are following the Parker Spiral back to Earth. Think of it as a magnetic superhighway. The arriving particles are funneled by our planet's magnetic field toward the poles where they ionize the atmosphere and interfere with the normal transmission of shortwave radio.

This polar cap absorption event could last for days, especially if it is boosted by more flares from AR3664. You can can monitor its progress here.

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
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18K GOLD TOTAL ECLIPSE PENDANT: This pendant has touched the shadow of the Moon. On April 8, 2024, during a total eclipse of the sun in Texas, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched it to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon. Floating more than 118,110 feet high, the locket spent 3 minutes and 45 seconds wrapped in lunar shadow:

You can have it for $199.95. The 18K gold-plated locket is inscribed with the words "I love you to the Moon and back," and opens to hold a personal photo or other small item. It comes with a greeting card showing the locket in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space during the total eclipse.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
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  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On May 13, 2024, the network reported 3 fireballs.
(2 sporadics, 1 epsilon Lyrid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On May 14, 2024 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2024 JM1
2024-May-09
10.9 LD
10.4
26
2024 JX8
2024-May-09
8.2 LD
7.1
14
2024 JU14
2024-May-09
12 LD
13.5
26
2024 JZ
2024-May-09
11 LD
25.1
69
2024 JT3
2024-May-09
0.1 LD
10.9
5
2024 JN3
2024-May-09
0.8 LD
13
15
2024 JE15
2024-May-09
3.8 LD
7.5
16
2024 JR3
2024-May-09
2.4 LD
19.1
19
2024 JF8
2024-May-10
17.2 LD
8.3
23
2021 JG9
2024-May-10
16.9 LD
16.1
32
2016 FT14
2024-May-10
19.9 LD
5.9
39
2024 JK1
2024-May-10
6.9 LD
9.7
19
2024 JB9
2024-May-10
11.3 LD
8
18
2024 JV6
2024-May-10
1.6 LD
9.4
8
2024 JT11
2024-May-11
9.4 LD
7.7
20
2024 JK15
2024-May-11
3.5 LD
22
22
2024 JN
2024-May-12
4.4 LD
3.3
8
2024 JB2
2024-May-13
11.6 LD
17.7
78
2024 JQ12
2024-May-13
4.7 LD
3
7
2024 JP16
2024-May-13
12.3 LD
5.4
19
2024 JP10
2024-May-13
18.8 LD
25.3
69
2015 KJ19
2024-May-14
15.8 LD
23.1
112
2014 WF6
2024-May-14
7.2 LD
18.9
47
2024 JN16
2024-May-14
0.1 LD
9.3
4
2024 JW6
2024-May-14
5.7 LD
8.6
17
2024 JD15
2024-May-14
4.4 LD
19.5
15
2024 JY16
2024-May-15
0.9 LD
16.8
39
2021 JN10
2024-May-15
14.7 LD
13.4
33
2024 JH15
2024-May-15
1.4 LD
14.1
13
2021 JJ
2024-May-15
16.8 LD
5.7
28
2024 JQ16
2024-May-16
7 LD
6.1
15
2024 JG6
2024-May-17
11.2 LD
7.4
20
2022 WN2
2024-May-17
13.7 LD
5.5
6
2024 JG8
2024-May-17
6.2 LD
6.1
14
2024 JQ1
2024-May-18
5.7 LD
3
13
2024 JK8
2024-May-19
6 LD
9.8
16
2024 JD1
2024-May-20
19 LD
5.5
27
2015 WO1
2024-May-20
7.4 LD
15.6
86
2024 JP12
2024-May-21
11 LD
6.3
18
2019 VB5
2024-May-21
7.8 LD
6.3
2
2024 JG15
2024-May-22
6.7 LD
10.8
65
2024 JZ6
2024-May-23
14.6 LD
13.9
276
2024 HP
2024-May-23
15.5 LD
7.7
200
2024 JX14
2024-May-23
16.4 LD
6.2
27
2024 HP2
2024-May-25
5.8 LD
2.3
20
2024 JY1
2024-May-26
17.5 LD
10.3
56
2024 JO16
2024-May-27
8 LD
8.8
20
2008 LD
2024-May-28
7.7 LD
4.5
6
2021 LV
2024-May-29
12 LD
15.5
9
2024 JG
2024-May-29
8.7 LD
7.4
28
2024 JA3
2024-May-30
6.2 LD
8.5
37
2008 XH
2024-May-31
13.8 LD
14.7
102
2024 JP1
2024-Jun-01
18.5 LD
4.7
25
2024 JC1
2024-Jun-01
15.1 LD
4.8
31
1998 KY26
2024-Jun-01
12 LD
5.3
25
2016 JC6
2024-Jun-01
19.9 LD
7.1
188
2008 YN2
2024-Jun-05
10.5 LD
7.7
20
2021 LW3
2024-Jun-06
9.7 LD
9.8
86
2024 CR9
2024-Jun-11
19.2 LD
7.4
447
2022 XC1
2024-Jun-12
16.5 LD
6.5
21
2022 WW11
2024-Jun-17
19.7 LD
14.4
15
2019 NJ
2024-Jun-27
17.2 LD
10.1
66
415029
2024-Jun-27
17.3 LD
25.9
2304
2022 MM1
2024-Jun-28
7.8 LD
10.9
39
2010 XN
2024-Jun-28
14.1 LD
11.3
52
2022 HD1
2024-Jun-29
17.3 LD
7.2
63
2017 MB3
2024-Jun-30
5 LD
6.5
30
2022 BY39
2024-Jul-02
13.2 LD
3
4
2022 YS5
2024-Jul-11
11 LD
5.8
38
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics.
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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