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GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: NOAA forecasters say there is a chance of G1-class geomagnetic storms on Nov. 20th or 21st when a high-speed stream of solar wind is expected to hit Earth. The gaseous material is flowing from a large southern hole in the sun's atmosphere. Arctic sky watchers should be alert for auroras. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.
SMALL ASTEROID DISINTEGRATES OVER CANADA: This morning, a small asteroid, which had been discovered only hours earlier, struck Earth's atmosphere and completely disintegrated over Canada. An automated camera at the CN Tower in Toronto captured the fireball:
Astronomer David Rankin found the space rock in survey images taken at Mt. Lemmon, Arizona. The observations triggered a warning of an imminent impact. Seven observatories were able to photograph the sub-meter object before it impacted the Earth's atmosphere on Nov. 19th at approximately 08:27 UTC over Brantford, Ontario, Canada.
According to the European Space Agency (ESA), this is only the sixth time in history that a global asteroid alert gave astronomers time to observe an incoming space rock before it struck our planet. "This capability is rapidly improving," says ESA.
More than 33 eyewitness reports have been submitted to the American Meteor Society from as far south as Maryland in the USA. Most reports are concentrated around Niagara Falls. Experienced observers say the fireball's peak brightness was between magnitude -10 and -20. For comparison, a full Moon has an apparent magnitude of about -12.5.
The Minor Planet Center has posthumously designated this asteroid 2022 WJ1.
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SOLAR FLARE AND RADIO BLACKOUT: New sunspot AR3150 exploded today (Nov. 19th @ 12:56 UT), producing an M1-class solar flare. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded a shock wave emerging from the blast site at 930 km/s (2 million mph):
This shock wave almost certainly lifted a coronal mass ejection (CME) out of the sun's atmosphere, possibly Earth-directed. Confirmation awaits fresh data from the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO). Stay tuned for updates.
A pulse of extreme UV radiation from the flare ionized Earth's upper atmosphere, causing a minor shortwave radio blackout over the south Atlantic Ocean. Aviators and mariners may have noticed signals below 15 MHz fading for as much as an hour after the flare.
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ORION IS ABOUT TO BUZZ THE MOON: NASA's Orion spacecraft is approaching the Moon for an orbit-changing flyby. On Nov. 21st, Orion will skim just 81 miles above the lunar farside where mission plans call for a crucial 2.5-minute-long engine burn. The maneuver sets the stage for insertion into lunar orbit four days later.
Artist's concept of Orion flying by the Moon. Credit: ESA
The spacecraft will be behind the Moon's farside during the engine burn, so NASA will briefly lose contact (you can't send radio signals through the Moon). Mission controllers have to wait until Orion emerges again to learn how the firing went.
While it is behind the Moon, Orion will be taking close-up pictures of the lunar farside, which is not visible from Earth. The spacecraft is festooned with 16 cameras, and all of them will be active. As soon as Orion pops out it will begin beaming video to Earth for processing and dissemination to the public.
NASA's live coverage of the flyby begins on Monday, Nov. 21st, at 7:15 am EST.
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THE EDGE OF SPACE BUTTTERFLY: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Consider the Edge of Space Butterfly. This crystal pendant just hitched a ride onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:
You can have it for $162.95. The inner yellow citrine crystal is surrounded by a "spread your wings" lattice of sparkling zirconia. A rich layer of rhodium plating ensures the longevity of the pendant and its 18-inch chain.
The Edge of Space Butterfly makes a great anniversary, Christmas, or birthday gift. It comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Every night, a network of
NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Nov 18, 2022, the network reported 28 fireballs.
(13 sporadics, 8 Leonids, 5 northern Taurids, 2 omicron Eridanids)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (
PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding
new ones all the time.
On November 19, 2022 there were 2314 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 |
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) |
| 2022 UH16 | 2022-Nov-14 | 14.8 LD | 9.8 | 22 |
| 2022 UP2 | 2022-Nov-14 | 10.6 LD | 6 | 34 |
| 2022 VP2 | 2022-Nov-14 | 6.2 LD | 12.9 | 18 |
| 2022 WC | 2022-Nov-14 | 1.9 LD | 28.4 | 20 |
| 2022 WE1 | 2022-Nov-15 | 8.8 LD | 4.6 | 13 |
| 2022 WN | 2022-Nov-15 | 10.4 LD | 13.6 | 20 |
| 2022 VH2 | 2022-Nov-15 | 8 LD | 5.6 | 17 |
| 2019 VL5 | 2022-Nov-15 | 8.5 LD | 8.1 | 24 |
| 2022 UD28 | 2022-Nov-16 | 11 LD | 11.5 | 31 |
| 2018 WH | 2022-Nov-16 | 2.5 LD | 7.7 | 4 |
| 2022 WQ | 2022-Nov-16 | 7.8 LD | 11.9 | 14 |
| 2022 WL | 2022-Nov-18 | 10.7 LD | 14.6 | 22 |
| 2022 US14 | 2022-Nov-18 | 8.5 LD | 8.3 | 41 |
| 2022 WA | 2022-Nov-18 | 1.3 LD | 16.2 | 16 |
| 2022 VM2 | 2022-Nov-18 | 8.2 LD | 3.7 | 24 |
| 2022 WJ1 | 2022-Nov-19 | 0 LD | 14.8 | 1 |
| 2022 VO2 | 2022-Nov-19 | 8.9 LD | 14.6 | 23 |
| 2022 WS | 2022-Nov-19 | 1.9 LD | 5.3 | 7 |
| 2022 VU1 | 2022-Nov-20 | 7 LD | 7.1 | 17 |
| 2022 VR1 | 2022-Nov-20 | 4.1 LD | 5.7 | 39 |
| 2022 WD1 | 2022-Nov-20 | 16.5 LD | 13.2 | 25 |
| 2022 VX | 2022-Nov-20 | 11.2 LD | 5.9 | 14 |
| 2019 OR1 | 2022-Nov-21 | 18.1 LD | 13.4 | 246 |
| 2022 WD | 2022-Nov-21 | 11 LD | 6.6 | 10 |
| 2022 WG1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 4.5 LD | 25.6 | 23 |
| 2022 VS1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 6.5 LD | 7.7 | 22 |
| 2022 VT2 | 2022-Nov-22 | 3 LD | 6.8 | 22 |
| 2018 VL8 | 2022-Nov-22 | 16.3 LD | 18 | 98 |
| 2005 LW3 | 2022-Nov-23 | 3 LD | 13.5 | 168 |
| 2022 WO | 2022-Nov-24 | 10.2 LD | 8.4 | 21 |
| 2022 WY | 2022-Nov-25 | 11.2 LD | 6.8 | 16 |
| 2022 UD72 | 2022-Nov-26 | 10.6 LD | 4.3 | 20 |
| 2022 VQ | 2022-Nov-27 | 7.6 LD | 8.2 | 29 |
| 2022 VB2 | 2022-Nov-29 | 9 LD | 8.4 | 33 |
| 2022 WK1 | 2022-Dec-01 | 14.2 LD | 12.2 | 40 |
| 2010 VQ | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.9 LD | 3.9 | 10 |
| 2009 HV58 | 2022-Dec-02 | 12.3 LD | 28.8 | 427 |
| 2022 UT8 | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.1 LD | 4.2 | 71 |
| 2017 QL33 | 2022-Dec-03 | 16 LD | 6.9 | 195 |
| 2022 VP1 | 2022-Dec-05 | 17.3 LD | 7.1 | 55 |
| 2022 WW | 2022-Dec-10 | 19.2 LD | 6.2 | 31 |
| 2019 XY | 2022-Dec-10 | 3.6 LD | 12.9 | 9 |
| 2003 YS70 | 2022-Dec-13 | 10.4 LD | 4.1 | 5 |
| 2019 XQ1 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.5 LD | 9.8 | 30 |
| 2018 XU3 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.8 LD | 10.3 | 30 |
| 2021 XS4 | 2022-Dec-14 | 14.5 LD | 9.7 | 23 |
| 2015 RN35 | 2022-Dec-15 | 1.8 LD | 5.9 | 84 |
| 2016 YE | 2022-Dec-18 | 18.6 LD | 4.8 | 23 |
| 2014 HK129 | 2022-Dec-20 | 6.7 LD | 11.6 | 214 |
| 2017 XQ60 | 2022-Dec-21 | 18.8 LD | 16 | 45 |
| 2022 UD9 | 2022-Dec-22 | 4.6 LD | 10.3 | 154 |
| 2022 RD2 | 2022-Dec-22 | 13.9 LD | 1.1 | 7 |
| 2013 YA14 | 2022-Dec-25 | 2.7 LD | 10.5 | 68 |
| 2022 TE14 | 2022-Dec-25 | 11.2 LD | 7 | 126 |
| 2018 YK2 | 2022-Dec-26 | 15.8 LD | 15.1 | 98 |
| 2010 XC15 | 2022-Dec-27 | 2 LD | 10.1 | 184 |
| 2021 AE | 2022-Dec-28 | 16.5 LD | 15 | 23 |
| 2021 NF | 2023-Jan-02 | 17.9 LD | 11.3 | 40 |
| 2011 WR41 | 2023-Jan-03 | 15.8 LD | 8.9 | 34 |
| 2019 AY3 | 2023-Jan-04 | 16.8 LD | 19.7 | 62 |
| 2021 TL | 2023-Jan-09 | 14.2 LD | 8.5 | 75 |
| 2014 LJ | 2023-Jan-14 | 4.8 LD | 3.5 | 7 |
| 2012 BV13 | 2023-Jan-16 | 12.2 LD | 6.7 | 129 |
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| | The official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| | current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page |
| | Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
| | from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| | from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| | the underlying science of space weather |
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