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GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: NOAA forecasters say there is a chance of G1-class geomagnetic storms on Nov. 20th or 21st when a high-speed stream of solar wind is expected to hit Earth. The gaseous material is flowing from a large southern hole in the sun's atmosphere. Arctic sky watchers should be alert for auroras. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.
SMALL ASTEROID DISINTEGRATES OVER CANADA: Astronomers are getting better at this. Yesterday, for the 6th time in recent history, an Earth-bound asteroid was discovered before it hit Earth. Astronomer David Rankin was conducting a routine survey at Mt Lemmon, Arizona, on Nov. 19th when he spotted the 1-meter space rock coming in from the asteroid belt. Three hours later it was blazing through the atmosphere above Canada:
Dereck Bowen photographed the Moon-bright fireball (above) from his backyard in Brantford, Ontario. "It was a lucky shot," he says. "I had my GoPro set up trying to get some action from the Leonids meteor shower, and I was astonished to find the asteroid."
Not everyone was surprised. Rankin's discovery triggered warnings of an imminent impact. According to the Minor Planet Center, seven observatories had time to photograph the sub-meter object before it hit on Nov. 19th at 08:27 UTC. This is a testament to astronomers' improving ability to catch incoming dangers from space.
After the asteroid entered the atmosphere, ground-based weather radars tracked pieces of the disintegrating space rock as far down as 850 meters above Earth's surface. It was a deep hit, and meteorites may have reached the ground east of Grimsby, Ontario. NASA created this map of the fall zone:
Colored polygons estimate the landing sites of meteorites from ~1g (yellow) to 10kg (red) [more maps] Credit:NASA/ARES
Most of the fall landed in Lake Ontario but small masses might be found east of Grimsby with larger masses near McNab, according to NASA's Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division. If you find a piece, here's how to handle it.
More than 50 eyewitness reports of the fireball have been submitted to the American Meteor Society from as far south as Maryland in the USA. Experienced observers say the fireball's peak brightness was between magnitude -10 and -20. For some people the fireball was brighter than a full Moon.
The Minor Planet Center has posthumously designated this asteroid 2022 WJ1.
For the record, previous asteroids detected just before they hit Earth are: 2008 TC3, 2014 AA, 2018 LA, 2019 MO, and 2022 EB5. There have been two this year alone!
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SOLAR FLARE AND RADIO BLACKOUT (UPDATED): New sunspot AR3150 exploded on Nov. 19th (12:56 UT), producing an M1-class solar flare. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded a shock wave emerging from the blast site at 930 km/s (2 million mph):
Newly-arriving images from SOHO confirm that the shockwave lifted a CME out of the sun's atmosphere. However, NOAA models indicate that it will not hit Earth. The storm cloud will sail past our planet, a near-miss just ahead of Earth in its orbit, on Nov. 22nd.
A pulse of extreme UV radiation from the flare ionized Earth's upper atmosphere, causing a minor shortwave radio blackout over the south Atlantic Ocean. Aviators and mariners may have noticed signals below 15 MHz fading for as much as an hour after the flare. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.
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MR. SPOCK CHRISTMAS ORNAMENT: It's the logical way to decorate your Christmas tree--with a rare Mr. Spock ornament. This one has been to the edge of space. In September, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched Spock to the stratosphere on board a cosmic ray research balloon:
You can have it for $129.95. The students are selling Spock ornaments to pay the helium bill for their cosmic ray ballooning program. Made by Hallmark in the 1990s, the ornament comes with a greeting card showing the science officer in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Every night, a network of
NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Nov 19, 2022, the network reported 40 fireballs.
(19 sporadics, 14 Leonids, 6 northern Taurids, 1 alpha Monocerotid)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (
PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding
new ones all the time.
On November 20, 2022 there were 2314 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 |
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) |
| 2022 WE1 | 2022-Nov-15 | 8.8 LD | 4.6 | 13 |
| 2022 WN | 2022-Nov-15 | 10.4 LD | 13.6 | 20 |
| 2022 VH2 | 2022-Nov-15 | 8 LD | 5.6 | 17 |
| 2019 VL5 | 2022-Nov-15 | 8.5 LD | 8.1 | 24 |
| 2022 UD28 | 2022-Nov-16 | 11 LD | 11.5 | 31 |
| 2018 WH | 2022-Nov-16 | 2.5 LD | 7.7 | 4 |
| 2022 WQ | 2022-Nov-16 | 7.8 LD | 11.9 | 14 |
| 2022 WL | 2022-Nov-18 | 10.7 LD | 14.6 | 22 |
| 2022 US14 | 2022-Nov-18 | 8.5 LD | 8.3 | 41 |
| 2022 WA | 2022-Nov-18 | 1.3 LD | 16.2 | 16 |
| 2022 VM2 | 2022-Nov-18 | 8.2 LD | 3.7 | 24 |
| 2022 VO2 | 2022-Nov-19 | 8.9 LD | 14.6 | 23 |
| 2022 WS | 2022-Nov-19 | 1.9 LD | 5.3 | 7 |
| 2022 VU1 | 2022-Nov-20 | 7 LD | 7.1 | 17 |
| 2022 VR1 | 2022-Nov-20 | 4.1 LD | 5.7 | 39 |
| 2022 WD1 | 2022-Nov-20 | 16.5 LD | 13.2 | 25 |
| 2022 VX | 2022-Nov-20 | 11.2 LD | 5.9 | 14 |
| 2019 OR1 | 2022-Nov-21 | 18.1 LD | 13.4 | 246 |
| 2022 WD | 2022-Nov-21 | 11 LD | 6.6 | 10 |
| 2022 WO1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 10 LD | 7.6 | 29 |
| 2022 WG1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 4.5 LD | 25.6 | 23 |
| 2022 VS1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 6.5 LD | 7.7 | 22 |
| 2022 VT2 | 2022-Nov-22 | 3 LD | 6.8 | 22 |
| 2022 WN1 | 2022-Nov-22 | 18.5 LD | 10 | 25 |
| 2018 VL8 | 2022-Nov-22 | 16.3 LD | 18 | 98 |
| 2022 WZ1 | 2022-Nov-23 | 8.9 LD | 9.6 | 11 |
| 2005 LW3 | 2022-Nov-23 | 3 LD | 13.5 | 168 |
| 2022 WQ1 | 2022-Nov-24 | 7.7 LD | 15.4 | 31 |
| 2022 WO | 2022-Nov-24 | 10.2 LD | 8.4 | 21 |
| 2022 WA2 | 2022-Nov-25 | 3.9 LD | 9.8 | 19 |
| 2022 WY | 2022-Nov-25 | 11.2 LD | 6.8 | 16 |
| 2022 UD72 | 2022-Nov-26 | 10.6 LD | 4.3 | 20 |
| 2022 VQ | 2022-Nov-27 | 7.6 LD | 8.2 | 29 |
| 2022 VB2 | 2022-Nov-29 | 9.1 LD | 8.5 | 34 |
| 2022 WK1 | 2022-Dec-01 | 14.2 LD | 12.2 | 40 |
| 2010 VQ | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.9 LD | 3.9 | 10 |
| 2009 HV58 | 2022-Dec-02 | 12.3 LD | 28.8 | 427 |
| 2022 UT8 | 2022-Dec-02 | 11.1 LD | 4.2 | 71 |
| 2017 QL33 | 2022-Dec-03 | 16 LD | 6.9 | 195 |
| 2022 VP1 | 2022-Dec-05 | 17.3 LD | 7.1 | 57 |
| 2022 WW | 2022-Dec-10 | 19.2 LD | 6.2 | 31 |
| 2019 XY | 2022-Dec-10 | 3.6 LD | 12.9 | 9 |
| 2003 YS70 | 2022-Dec-13 | 10.4 LD | 4.1 | 5 |
| 2019 XQ1 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.5 LD | 9.8 | 30 |
| 2018 XU3 | 2022-Dec-13 | 14.8 LD | 10.3 | 30 |
| 2021 XS4 | 2022-Dec-14 | 14.5 LD | 9.7 | 23 |
| 2015 RN35 | 2022-Dec-15 | 1.8 LD | 5.9 | 84 |
| 2016 YE | 2022-Dec-18 | 18.6 LD | 4.8 | 23 |
| 2014 HK129 | 2022-Dec-20 | 6.7 LD | 11.6 | 214 |
| 2017 XQ60 | 2022-Dec-21 | 18.8 LD | 16 | 45 |
| 2022 UD9 | 2022-Dec-22 | 4.6 LD | 10.3 | 154 |
| 2022 RD2 | 2022-Dec-22 | 13.9 LD | 1.1 | 7 |
| 2013 YA14 | 2022-Dec-25 | 2.7 LD | 10.5 | 68 |
| 2022 TE14 | 2022-Dec-25 | 11.2 LD | 7 | 126 |
| 2018 YK2 | 2022-Dec-26 | 15.8 LD | 15.1 | 98 |
| 2010 XC15 | 2022-Dec-27 | 2 LD | 10.1 | 184 |
| 2021 AE | 2022-Dec-28 | 16.5 LD | 15 | 23 |
| 2021 NF | 2023-Jan-02 | 17.9 LD | 11.3 | 40 |
| 2011 WR41 | 2023-Jan-03 | 15.8 LD | 8.9 | 34 |
| 2019 AY3 | 2023-Jan-04 | 16.8 LD | 19.7 | 62 |
| 2021 TL | 2023-Jan-09 | 14.2 LD | 8.5 | 75 |
| 2014 LJ | 2023-Jan-14 | 4.8 LD | 3.5 | 7 |
| 2012 BV13 | 2023-Jan-16 | 12.2 LD | 6.7 | 129 |
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| | The official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| | current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page |
| | Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
| | from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| | from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| | the underlying science of space weather |
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