 | | | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation  Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2.00 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3.00 quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 11.53 nT
Bz: 4.01 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT Coronal Holes: 25 Jun 24 
There are no equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.Credit: SDO/AIA  Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough: 
On June 25, 2024, the Arctic stratosphere is much too warm for Type II polar stratospheric clouds. | more data. Noctilucent Clouds
They're back! The northern season for NLCs is underway. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle on May 25, 2024, by the NOAA 21 satellite. The clouds have since spread, and now observers are seeing from the ground as well:
Updated: June 23, 2024
An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). In the daily map, above, each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2024 Jun 25 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 55 % | 55 % | CLASS X | 05 % | 05 % | Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2024 Jun 25 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 10 % | 10 % | MINOR | 01 % | 01 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 15 % | 15 % | MINOR | 20 % | 20 % | SEVERE | 20 % | 20 % | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being. | | | THAT POTENT OLD SUNSPOT IS BACK: Old sunspot AR3664, which caused the May 10th superstorm, has returned. This is its 3rd trip across the solar disk. Per tradition, it has been re-numbered 3 times: Originally AR3664, then AR3697, now AR3723. X-flares are possible as it once again turns to face Earth. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text
NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS VS. SOLAR MAX: Europe just experienced a outburst of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) so bright that Danish photographer Ruslan Merzlakovs didn't even have to go outside. "I could photograph them right through my window," he says. 
Similar displays were seen from France, Austria, Germany, the Netherlands, England, Poland, Slovakia, and Belgium. It was a widespread display. 2024 is supposed to be a bad year for noctilucent clouds. High solar activity is warming Earth's upper atmosphere and breaking apart water molecules necessary for noctilucent ice. Previous studies have shown that NLCs retreat during years around Solar Max. But solar activity isn't the only factor. NLCs form when summertime wisps of water vapor rise to the edge of space, frosting specks of meteor debris. Extra moisture pumped into the atmosphere by the undersea eruption of the Tonga volcano could be giving the clouds an edge. Interhemispheric teleconnections influence the temperature and moisture available for NLCs as well. Earth-orbiting satellites also detected the June 23rd display. Each dot in this map is a cloud of "noctilucent ice" detected by NOAA's Suomi NPP weather satellite: 
"These data show a nice line of NLCs down to a latitude of ~55° N over the British Isles," says Matthew Deland, Chief Research Scientist at NASA contractor SSAI. Deland works with data from multiple Earth-orbiting satellites, and he provides the maps for our daily NLC reports on Spaceweather.com. Ground-based observers saw the clouds at even lower latitudes than satellites did--for example, Paris at +48.9° N. This means photographers have an important role to play in tracking their spread. Wherever you live, be alert for electric blue, and if you see an NLC, submit your pictures here. Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter PREMIUM GEOMAGNETIC BLACK PEARL: On May 10, 2024, a CME slammed into Earth's magnetic field, sparking the biggest geomagnetic storm in 35 years. Moments later, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched a cosmic ray balloon directly into the storm. The Geomagnetic Black Pearl went along for the ride: 
You can have it for $349.95. Measuring 9 mm in diameter, and mounted inside a sterling silver heart, this premium Tahitian pearl floated through the stratosphere for 3 hours while sensors measured the storm's radiation. Later, when the sun set and the sky grew dark, red and green auroras danced above the Sierra Nevada mountains of California where the balloon was launched. A picture of these auroras is included with the pearl, along with a greeting card showing the pearl in flight.
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Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
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Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
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Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Jun 23, 2024, the network reported 5 fireballs.
(4 sporadics, 1 Microscorpiid)  In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On June 25, 2024 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | | 2024 LO3 | 2024-Jun-20 | 1.9 LD | 8 | 22 | | 2024 LG5 | 2024-Jun-21 | 6.1 LD | 7.5 | 17 | | 2024 LO2 | 2024-Jun-21 | 14.2 LD | 9.1 | 28 | | 2024 LJ | 2024-Jun-22 | 8.8 LD | 18.5 | 66 | | 2024 KN1 | 2024-Jun-23 | 14.7 LD | 4.6 | 28 | | 2024 KJ | 2024-Jun-25 | 13.7 LD | 4.5 | 25 | | 2024 LO5 | 2024-Jun-25 | 5.1 LD | 7.9 | 19 | | 2019 NJ | 2024-Jun-27 | 17.2 LD | 10.1 | 66 | | 415029 | 2024-Jun-27 | 17.3 LD | 25.9 | 2304 | | 2022 MM1 | 2024-Jun-28 | 7.8 LD | 10.9 | 39 | | 2010 XN | 2024-Jun-28 | 14.1 LD | 11.3 | 52 | | 2022 HD1 | 2024-Jun-29 | 16.5 LD | 7.2 | 63 | | 2024 MK | 2024-Jun-29 | 0.8 LD | 9.4 | 158 | | 2017 MB3 | 2024-Jun-30 | 5 LD | 6.5 | 30 | | 2024 JJ25 | 2024-Jun-30 | 10.5 LD | 9.4 | 117 | | 2024 LJ2 | 2024-Jul-01 | 19.8 LD | 10.4 | 84 | | 2022 BY39 | 2024-Jul-02 | 13.2 LD | 3 | 4 | | 2024 LH | 2024-Jul-02 | 4.4 LD | 4.3 | 32 | | 2024 KQ1 | 2024-Jul-04 | 14.9 LD | 6.9 | 57 | | 2022 YS5 | 2024-Jul-11 | 11 LD | 5.8 | 38 | | 2024 BY15 | 2024-Jul-16 | 16.2 LD | 0.7 | 16 | | 2024 LY2 | 2024-Jul-23 | 12 LD | 7.8 | 87 | | 2011 MW1 | 2024-Jul-25 | 10.1 LD | 8 | 120 | | 2011 AM24 | 2024-Jul-26 | 16.8 LD | 6.2 | 281 | | 523664 | 2024-Jul-28 | 14.9 LD | 23.7 | 680 | | 2020 PN1 | 2024-Aug-02 | 18 LD | 5.5 | 29 | | 2023 HB7 | 2024-Aug-05 | 14.6 LD | 6.1 | 32 | | 2017 TU1 | 2024-Aug-05 | 10.1 LD | 10.1 | 22 | | 2024 KH3 | 2024-Aug-10 | 14.6 LD | 11.4 | 197 | | 2021 GY1 | 2024-Aug-16 | 17.7 LD | 6.3 | 59 | | 2024 JV33 | 2024-Aug-19 | 12 LD | 11.1 | 220 | | 2022 BF2 | 2024-Aug-19 | 19.7 LD | 16.4 | 91 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low: 
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | | current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics. | | | Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | the underlying science of space weather |  | Got a chipped or cracked windshield that prevents you from seeing space weather events while driving? Get windshield replacement from SR Windows & Glass with free mobile auto glass service anywhere in the Phoenix area. | | Marketing yourself on YouTube is hard without real organic views on your videos. You can buy organic YouTube views from and enjoy social boosting that is actually real. Highly recommended! | | BestCSGOGambling is the best site for everything related to CSGO gambling on the web | | | These links help Spaceweather.com stay online. Thank you to our supporters! | | | | | | | | |  | | |  | ©2021 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips. | |
