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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 538.9 km/sec
density: 23.14 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1145 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C1
1753 UT Sep02
24-hr: M3
0713 UT Sep02
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 02 Sep 23
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
Departing sunspot AR3413 poses a threat for M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 83
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 02 Sep 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 02 Sep 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 19.94x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 01 Sep 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 136 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 02 Sep 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -3.5% Low
48-hr change: -0.5%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 02 Sep 2023 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 4.33 unsettled
24-hr max: Kp= 5.33
storm
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 6.88 nT
Bz: 1.53 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 02 Sep 23

There are no significant equatorial coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs began on May 26th. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle by the NOAA 21 satellite. An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). For the rest of the season, daily maps from NOAA 21 will be presented here:


Updated: Aug. 29, 2023

Each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

What happened to NASA's AIM spacecraft, which has been monitoring NLCs since 2007? Earlier this year, the spacecraft's battery failed. As a result AIM is offline, perhaps permanently. There may be some hope of a recovery as AIM's orbit precesses into full sunlight in 2024. Until then, we will maintain AIM's iconic "daily daisy," frozen at Feb. 28, 2023, as a show of thanks for years of service and hope for future daisies:
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Sep02
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Sep 02 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
25 %
10 %
CLASS X
05 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Sep 02 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
35 %
35 %
MINOR
30 %
20 %
SEVERE
15 %
05 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
05 %
20 %
MINOR
20 %
30 %
SEVERE
75 %
35 %
 
Saturday, Sep. 2, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

WEEKEND GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: A minor G1-class geomagnetic storm is underway on Sept. 2nd as Earth moves through a high-speed stream of solar wind. This storm is unrelated to two CMEs approaching Earth--one that left the sun on Aug. 30th, and another launched on Sept. 1st. The arrival of those CMEs on Sept. 3rd could extend the current storm and possibly enhance it to category G2. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

Despite the light of the waning supermoon, multiple observers in northern-tier US states saw auroras on Sept. 2nd. Todd Salat sends this report from Anchorage, Alaska: "As I looked up in awe from our back deck, I saw beautiful auroras dance straight overhead."

"Two myths are put to rest here; 1) You can see the auroras from the city, 2) You can see them despite the bright 92% full supermoon coming up at the bottom of the picture," says Salat. "If it’s clear & dark, nothing can stop a big aurora show when they are right on top of you."

more images: from Tom Childress of Rugby, North Dakota

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

SUPER BLUE MOON: This week's Super Blue Moon was certainly the most photographed moon of the year, with pictures still pouring in days later. One of the best so far comes from Jordi L. Coy of Seville, Spain:

"It was a great spectacle to observe the Blue Moon over 'La Giralda,' one of the most famous monuments in Spain," says Coy.

La Giralda, the bell tower of the Great Mosque of Seville, has been waiting almost a thousand years for this blue Moon to rise behind it. The Minaret was completed in March 1198 during the time of Moorish Spain. It has been one of the most important symbols of the city since the Middle Ages.

Coy's photo was worth the wait! Browse the Super Blue Moon Gallery for more spectacular shots from around the world.

STERLING SILVER STARCAT: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Introducing the Sterling SIlver StarCat Pendant. On July 14th, it hitched a ride to the stratosphere onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:


You can have it for $169.95. The silver feline form is wrapped around a genuine moonstone with a matching 18 inch Italian sterling silver chain. It is 100% hypoallergenic.

The students of Earth to Sky are selling space pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Sep 01, 2023, the network reported 25 fireballs.
(23 sporadics, 1 Southern Delta Aquarid, 1 Northern Iota Aquarid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On September 2, 2023 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 QK5
2023-Aug-29
3.9 LD
6.8
11
2023 QD2
2023-Aug-29
3.3 LD
7.8
15
2012 PZ17
2023-Aug-30
16.8 LD
3.6
16
2023 QH
2023-Aug-31
12 LD
15.9
64
2023 QB2
2023-Sep-01
8.1 LD
7.2
19
2023 QZ1
2023-Sep-01
18.2 LD
18.6
52
2023 QU
2023-Sep-02
13.6 LD
9.8
34
2017 BY32
2023-Sep-02
16.4 LD
3.5
19
2023 QG
2023-Sep-03
11.6 LD
13.7
75
2023 QH1
2023-Sep-03
13.1 LD
6.4
23
2021 JA5
2023-Sep-06
13.3 LD
10.9
19
2023 QC5
2023-Sep-08
10.6 LD
7.6
27
2020 GE
2023-Sep-08
14.9 LD
1.4
8
2023 QF6
2023-Sep-10
7 LD
10.5
22
2020 RT2
2023-Sep-12
11 LD
10
8
2016 LY48
2023-Sep-16
5 LD
10.8
99
2010 TE
2023-Sep-16
6.8 LD
6
22
523598
2023-Sep-20
19.8 LD
25
239
2019 SF6
2023-Sep-26
16.7 LD
8.6
20
2013 TG6
2023-Sep-28
3.6 LD
4.1
17
2009 UG
2023-Sep-30
6.1 LD
9
78
349507
2023-Oct-03
16.5 LD
21
696
2022 FX1
2023-Oct-04
20 LD
9.9
25
2022 TD
2023-Oct-07
8.9 LD
9.4
10
2018 ER1
2023-Oct-08
12.5 LD
5.3
27
2022 UX1
2023-Oct-11
3.1 LD
8.6
9
2015 KW120
2023-Oct-12
18.2 LD
13
22
2021 NT14
2023-Oct-13
18.6 LD
8.6
254
2011 GA
2023-Oct-15
6.8 LD
16.6
230
2007 SQ6
2023-Oct-15
19.4 LD
6.5
130
2019 UZ3
2023-Oct-16
9.6 LD
8.3
14
1998 HH49
2023-Oct-17
3.1 LD
14.8
193
2022 UO10
2023-Oct-19
7.8 LD
9.8
16
2020 UR
2023-Oct-20
5.8 LD
12.9
9
2020 FM6
2023-Oct-23
15.5 LD
15.9
149
2019 HH4
2023-Oct-24
13.3 LD
20
365
2021 SZ4
2023-Oct-26
14 LD
30
287
302169
2023-Oct-26
12.7 LD
25.7
374
525229
2023-Oct-30
10.6 LD
17.4
200
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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