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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 361.0 km/sec
density: 2.50 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: C8
2112 UT Jul03
24-hr: M6
2349 UT Jul02
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 03 Jul 23
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
Sunspot AR3354 has a 'beta-gamma-delta' magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 126
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 03 Jul 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 03 Jul 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 20.43x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 03 Jul 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 170 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 03 Jul 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -2.5% Below Average
48-hr change: +0.2%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 03 Jul 2023 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 1.67
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 6.44 nT
Bz: -0.39 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT
Coronal Holes: 03 Jul 23

There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs began on May 26th. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle by the NOAA 21 satellite. An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). For the rest of the season, daily maps from NOAA 21 will be presented here:


Updated: Jul 01, 2023

Each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

What happened to NASA's AIM spacecraft, which has been monitoring NLCs since 2007? Earlier this year, the spacecraft's battery failed. As a result AIM is offline, perhaps permanently. There may be some hope of a recovery as AIM's orbit precesses into full sunlight in 2024. Until then, we will maintain AIM's iconic "daily daisy," frozen at Feb. 28, 2023, as a show of thanks for years of service and hope for future daisies:
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Jul02
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Jul 03 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
65 %
65 %
CLASS X
25 %
25 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Jul 03 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
20 %
15 %
MINOR
05 %
05 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
20 %
20 %
 
Monday, Jul. 3, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being. This is an AI Free Zone!

 

THE FULL MOON: There's a full Moon tonight, and according to folklore it has a special name: The "Buck Moon." A better name this year might be "Fire Moon." Smoke from Canada is circling the globe, tinting moonrises with the color of wildfire. Look east at sunset for the Fire Moon rising. [photo gallery]

SUNSPOT COUNTS HIT A 21-YEAR HIGH: The sun is partying like it's 2002. That's the last time sunspot counts were as high as they are now. The monthly average sunspot number for June 2023 was 163, according to the Royal Observatory of Belgium's Solar Influences Data Analysis Center. This eclipses every month since Sept. 2022:


Above: This plot is based on NOAA's interactive Solar Cycle Progression. Check it out!

Solar Cycle 25 wasn't expected to be this strong. When it began in Dec. 2019, forecasters believed it would be a weak cycle akin to its immediate predecessor Solar Cycle 24. If that forecast had panned out, Solar Cycle 25 would be one of the weakest solar cycles in a century.

Instead, Solar Cycle 25 has shot past Solar Cycle 24 and may be on pace to rival some of the stronger cycles of the 20th century. The last time sunspot numbers were this high, the sun was on the verge of launching the Great Halloween Storms of 2003, which included the strongest X-ray solar flare ever recorded (X45), auroras as far south as Texas, and a CME so powerful it was ultimately detected by the Voyager spacecraft at the edge of the solar system.

Stay tuned. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

X-FLARE AND RADIO BLACKOUT (UPDATED): 'Tis the season for fireworks. On July 2nd (2314 UT), giant sunspot AR3354 exploded, producing a long duration X1-class solar flare. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) recorded the extreme ultraviolet flash:

Radiation from the flare ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere. This caused a deep shortwave radio blackout over western parts of USA and the Pacific Ocean: map. Mariners and ham radio operators may have noticed loss of signal and other propagation effects for 30+ minutes after the flare.

Although the explosion lasted long enough to lift a CME out of the sun's atmosphere, it did not. SOHO coronagraph images show no sign of a significant CME.

The genesis of this flare is interesting and possibly unusual. A 304 Å movie from SDO shows what happened:

The sunspot didn't explode on its own. It got help from a plume of plasma curling over the sun's limb. Hot magnetized gas landing on the sunspot seems to have triggered the blast. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

LASER-ETCHED MOON CUBE: Last week, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched a cosmic ray balloon to the stratosphere. This unique laser-etched Moon cube went along for the ride, ascending to an altitude of 101,140 feet:

You can have it for $119.95. The students are selling these cubes as a fund-raiser for their cosmic ray ballooning program. It's an authentic representation of the Moon, with all of the craters, mountains and lava plains accurately portrayed.

The Moon-cube comes with a unique gift card showing the item floating at the top of Earth's atmosphere. The interior of the card tells the story of the flight and confirms that this gift has been to the edge of space and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Jul 03, 2023, the network reported 17 fireballs.
(17 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On July 3, 2023 there were 2335 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2023 MG4
2023-Jun-28
12.5 LD
12.4
35
2013 WV44
2023-Jun-28
9.1 LD
11.8
95
2023 MH6
2023-Jun-29
1.7 LD
10.7
32
2023 MN1
2023-Jun-29
9.5 LD
15
36
2023 MR1
2023-Jun-29
6 LD
12.1
61
2023 MX2
2023-Jun-29
1.2 LD
4.3
8
2022 MM1
2023-Jun-29
9.8 LD
9.7
41
2023 MZ5
2023-Jun-30
2.6 LD
10.8
22
2023 LG2
2023-Jul-01
5.7 LD
2.8
25
2023 MB6
2023-Jul-01
6.1 LD
10.9
42
2023 MF6
2023-Jul-02
8.7 LD
9.5
96
2020 NC
2023-Jul-02
13.9 LD
7.7
123
2023 MT1
2023-Jul-03
2.9 LD
5.2
15
2023 HO6
2023-Jul-05
5.3 LD
7.8
182
2023 ME4
2023-Jul-06
3 LD
10.7
33
2023 LH2
2023-Jul-06
18.8 LD
7.9
36
2019 LH5
2023-Jul-07
14.9 LD
21.6
281
2018 NW
2023-Jul-10
18 LD
21.8
10
2023 LN1
2023-Jul-10
17.9 LD
5.8
60
2023 MD2
2023-Jul-11
5.6 LD
8.4
48
2023 MQ1
2023-Jul-11
10.7 LD
6
49
2018 UY
2023-Jul-12
7.4 LD
16.4
243
2023 MG6
2023-Jul-16
9.5 LD
12.4
278
2020 UQ3
2023-Jul-18
3.2 LD
9.3
59
2022 GX2
2023-Jul-20
11.9 LD
9.4
5
2020 OM
2023-Jul-20
8.5 LD
9.5
14
2023 MX5
2023-Jul-21
11.9 LD
11.8
57
2023 MM3
2023-Jul-22
19.1 LD
6.4
40
2015 MA54
2023-Jul-24
16.6 LD
9.2
31
2018 BG5
2023-Jul-27
10.7 LD
8.4
56
2020 PP1
2023-Jul-29
17 LD
4.1
17
2021 BD3
2023-Jul-30
14 LD
8.5
25
2016 AW65
2023-Jul-31
16.6 LD
5.7
54
2020 PN1
2023-Aug-03
10.8 LD
4.8
29
620082
2023-Aug-04
14 LD
20.6
375
2004 KG1
2023-Aug-06
18.7 LD
9.2
54
2022 BS2
2023-Aug-11
17.3 LD
8.2
30
2022 CP1
2023-Aug-17
13.8 LD
9.8
12
2011 QJ21
2023-Aug-19
13 LD
15.1
45
6037
2023-Aug-23
15.9 LD
14.3
563
2012 PZ17
2023-Aug-30
16.8 LD
3.6
16
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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