 | | | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation  Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 2.33 quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 9.04 nT
Bz: 8.05 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1147 UT Coronal Holes: 03 Sep 24 
There are no significant coronal holes on the Earthside of the sun. Credit: SDO/AIA  Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough: 
On Aug. 31, 2024, the Arctic stratosphere is much too warm for Type II polar stratospheric clouds. | more data. Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs is underway--but not for long. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle on May 25, 2024, by the NOAA 21 satellite. After peaking in July, the clouds are now in rapid decline. This is typical for the month of August, which usually brings the end of NLC season in the northern hemisphere.
Updated: Aug. 28, 2024
An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). In the daily map, above, each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2024 Sep 03 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 70 % | 70 % | CLASS X | 25 % | 25 % | Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2024 Sep 03 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 25 % | 10 % | MINOR | 10 % | 01 % | SEVERE | 01 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 20 % | 15 % | MINOR | 30 % | 20 % | SEVERE | 35 % | 15 % | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being. | | | A NEW SOURCE OF FLARES: Big new sunspot group AR3813 is turning toward Earth and crackling with M-class solar flares. This potent sunspot has already hurled multiple CMEs toward Venus. Earth will soon be in the line of fire as the active region turns toward our planet this week. CME impact alerts: SMS Text MAJOR FARSIDE EXPLOSION: Earlier today (0800 UT on Sept. 3rd), something exploded on the farside of the sun. It was a big one. SOHO coronagraphs detected a bright halo CME flying almost directly away from Earth: 
Although the blast site was hidden, and the CME is not coming toward us, the explosion nevertheless touched our planet. Earth-orbiting satellites detected a surge in energetic particles striking our atmosphere. The particles were scooped up and accelerated throughout the Solar System by shock waves in the expanding CME. A shortwave radio blackout is underway inside the Arctic Circle as a result of their ionizing effect. The true target of this explosion: Europe's Solar Orbiter (SolO). SolO is on the opposite side of the sun and squarely in the crosshairs of the CME. A NASA model predicts the CME will wash over the spacecraft on Sept. 4th around 1200 UT. SolO's sensors have already detected a 100-fold increase in energetic particles, a value that could increase even more as the CME approaches. Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter STERLING SILVER MOONCAT: This cat has experienced a geomagnetic storm. Multiple CMEs hit Earth's magnetic field during the weekend of August 10-11. Students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched a cosmic ray balloon into the resulting severe geomagnetic storm. The Sterling Silver Mooncat went along for the ride.: 
You can have it for $169.95. Supported by a sterling silver frame, the black cat is curled around a genuine blue moonstone. It floated through the stratosphere for almost 3 hours during the storm, gathering radiation data for the students' monitoring program. The Mooncat comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and explaining the radiation experiment. The students of Earth to Sky Calculus are selling space jewelry to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Don't wait for Christmas--get yours now! Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Sep 03, 2024, the network reported 11 fireballs.
(11 sporadics)  In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On September 3, 2024 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | | 2024 QL | 2024-Aug-29 | 3.1 LD | 10.7 | 14 | | 2024 QK2 | 2024-Aug-29 | 4 LD | 9.3 | 28 | | 2024 QU1 | 2024-Aug-29 | 3.5 LD | 18.7 | 16 | | 2012 SX49 | 2024-Aug-29 | 11.2 LD | 4.3 | 20 | | 2024 QH2 | 2024-Aug-29 | 0.9 LD | 18.5 | 15 | | 2024 QA2 | 2024-Aug-30 | 6.5 LD | 13.5 | 36 | | 2016 RJ20 | 2024-Aug-30 | 18.3 LD | 14.8 | 68 | | 2024 RY | 2024-Aug-30 | 2.4 LD | 8.9 | 31 | | 2024 QB2 | 2024-Aug-31 | 4.2 LD | 6.8 | 8 | | 2024 RK | 2024-Aug-31 | 10.8 LD | 8.2 | 16 | | 2024 QM1 | 2024-Sep-01 | 4.9 LD | 12.9 | 20 | | 2024 QK1 | 2024-Sep-01 | 8.3 LD | 7.9 | 31 | | 2021 JT | 2024-Sep-01 | 16.4 LD | 8.2 | 12 | | 2021 RB16 | 2024-Sep-02 | 12.3 LD | 8.4 | 15 | | 2007 RX8 | 2024-Sep-02 | 18.5 LD | 7 | 44 | | 2024 QV1 | 2024-Sep-03 | 5.5 LD | 13.3 | 40 | | 2024 QU | 2024-Sep-04 | 11.9 LD | 6.4 | 38 | | 2024 QE2 | 2024-Sep-04 | 2 LD | 8.2 | 11 | | 2024 RB | 2024-Sep-04 | 3.1 LD | 11.4 | 11 | | 2024 RF | 2024-Sep-06 | 12.4 LD | 7.9 | 16 | | 2022 SR | 2024-Sep-07 | 9.1 LD | 6.3 | 42 | | 2024 RC | 2024-Sep-07 | 19.9 LD | 1.6 | 11 | | 2024 QS | 2024-Sep-09 | 12.1 LD | 9.3 | 42 | | 2023 SP2 | 2024-Sep-09 | 15.3 LD | 4.2 | 8 | | 2024 RJ | 2024-Sep-09 | 5.3 LD | 11.9 | 18 | | 2024 PM6 | 2024-Sep-09 | 14 LD | 9 | 54 | | 2024 RH | 2024-Sep-10 | 16.7 LD | 11.4 | 26 | | 2016 TU19 | 2024-Sep-11 | 13.2 LD | 10.1 | 47 | | 2024 QS1 | 2024-Sep-12 | 12.1 LD | 14.3 | 131 | | 2019 DJ1 | 2024-Sep-15 | 10.4 LD | 4.9 | 15 | | 2024 RQ | 2024-Sep-16 | 1.4 LD | 6.6 | 34 | | 2024 ON | 2024-Sep-17 | 2.6 LD | 8.9 | 288 | | 2013 FW13 | 2024-Sep-18 | 8.5 LD | 15.6 | 162 | | 2022 SW3 | 2024-Sep-19 | 6.8 LD | 9.2 | 37 | | 2015 SH | 2024-Sep-19 | 11.6 LD | 5.9 | 9 | | 2023 RX1 | 2024-Sep-20 | 10.1 LD | 1.1 | 3 | | 2018 VG | 2024-Sep-20 | 13.4 LD | 7.3 | 12 | | 2020 GE | 2024-Sep-24 | 1.7 LD | 2.2 | 8 | | 2011 ST12 | 2024-Sep-27 | 17.6 LD | 7.4 | 19 | | 2023 GM1 | 2024-Oct-05 | 15.4 LD | 5.2 | 13 | | 2014 VA | 2024-Oct-05 | 18.1 LD | 6.3 | 46 | | 2022 SU21 | 2024-Oct-06 | 17.5 LD | 21.1 | 45 | | 671076 | 2024-Oct-07 | 12.8 LD | 8.6 | 120 | | 2016 JG38 | 2024-Oct-08 | 13.2 LD | 12 | 56 | | 2018 QE | 2024-Oct-09 | 1.7 LD | 4.4 | 10 | | 363027 | 2024-Oct-12 | 9.3 LD | 16.6 | 419 | | 2020 GE1 | 2024-Oct-12 | 20.1 LD | 4.3 | 14 | | 2022 UX1 | 2024-Oct-12 | 19.9 LD | 9.9 | 9 | | 2008 UU95 | 2024-Oct-12 | 13.5 LD | 15.6 | 66 | | 2021 TK11 | 2024-Oct-14 | 8 LD | 10.6 | 7 | | 2022 TB41 | 2024-Oct-15 | 10 LD | 6 | 4 | | 2019 UH14 | 2024-Oct-17 | 8.3 LD | 10.4 | 62 | | 2015 HM1 | 2024-Oct-24 | 14.4 LD | 10.9 | 32 | | 363305 | 2024-Oct-24 | 11.8 LD | 4.9 | 186 | | 2021 UE2 | 2024-Oct-24 | 13.6 LD | 7.1 | 40 | | 2023 TG14 | 2024-Oct-24 | 6.6 LD | 6.9 | 24 | | 2007 UT3 | 2024-Oct-26 | 17.7 LD | 10.4 | 23 | | 2020 WG | 2024-Oct-28 | 8.7 LD | 9.4 | 160 | | 2021 CV1 | 2024-Oct-30 | 14.4 LD | 23.6 | 38 | | 2023 KX3 | 2024-Oct-31 | 18.8 LD | 2.4 | 25 | | 2022 UD21 | 2024-Oct-31 | 11.6 LD | 11.8 | 27 | | 2016 VA | 2024-Nov-01 | 1.5 LD | 21.2 | 11 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low: 
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | | current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page. See also, all satellite statistics. | | | Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | the underlying science of space weather |  | Got a chipped or cracked windshield that prevents you from seeing space weather events while driving? Get windshield replacement from SR Windows & Glass with free mobile auto glass service anywhere in the Phoenix area. | | Marketing yourself on YouTube is hard without real organic views on your videos. You can buy organic YouTube views from and enjoy social boosting that is actually real. Highly recommended! | | BestCSGOGambling is the best site for everything related to CSGO gambling on the web | | | These links help Spaceweather.com stay online. Thank you to our supporters! | | | | | | | | |  | | |  | ©2021 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips. | |
