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POSSIBLE EARTH-DIRECTED CME (UPDATED): Yesterday, June 4th, a magnetic filament erupted from the sun's southern hemisphere: movie. The eruption hurled a CME into space and possibly toward Earth. A NASA model suggests a glancing blow on June 7th (NOAA models say June 8th), possibly causing G1-class geomagnetic storms. Aurora alerts: SMS Text
THEY'RE BACK! NOCTILUCENT CLOUDS: The summer season for noctilucent clouds (NLCs) has begun. "They're back with a bang!' says Arnim Berhorst who saw the electric-blue clouds over Bergen, Norway--one of at least seven European countries where they were observed last night. Valther Jørgensen sends this picture from Djursland, Denmark:
"These luminous night clouds appeared for the first time over Denmark this summer," says Jørgensen.
NLCs are clouds of frosted meteor smoke. They form every year in summer when wisps of sunwarmed water vapor rise up to the edge of space. At altitudes greater than 80 km, the water crystallizes around disintegrated meteoroids, forming beautiful electric-blue structures.
Although these are the first NLCs seen from the ground, Earth-orbiting satellites have been monitoring them for more than a week. The NOAA-21 satellite saw them first on May 26th. In this 3 day animation, blue dots mark the location of clouds deep inside the Arctic Circle:
Image credit: Matt DeLand // NOAA-21 OMPS LP instrument
This is typical. NLCs always form first over the poles where temperatures are coldest--a necessity for making water molecules stick to meteoroids. From there, the clouds multiply and spread outward. In only 3 days (May 26, May 27, May 28), NOAA-21 saw cloud counts increase from 14 to 104 as they drifted south toward Europe.
Last night's sightings are just the beginning. Noctilucent cloud season typically runs from June to August. The clouds tend to brighten and become most widespread around the summer solstice, with sightings in recent years as far south as Spain and southern California. If you see an NLC, submit your photo here.
more images: from Krzysztof Spera of Warsaw, Poland; from P-M Hedén of Vallentuna Sweden; from Pentti Arpalahti of Helsinki, Finland; from Roberts Lazdins of Rude, Latvia; from Andy Stables of Milovaig, Glendale, Isle of Skye;
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FAR OUT FATHER'S DAY GIFT: If Capt. Kirk used a flask, this would be it. Inscribed with the words "To Boldly Go Where No One Has Gone Before," the sterling silver container flew to the stratosphere on June 4, 2023, onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:
You can have it for $122.95. During the flight, the flask experienced temperatures as low as -59 C. It was still cold to the touch when students retrieved it 30 minutes after landing in Pine Creek Canyon in the Sierra Nevada mountains near Bishop CA.
The flask comes with a greeting card showing itself in flight, and telling the story of its journey to the stratosphere and back again. It makes a great Father's Day gift for Trekkie dads!
Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
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Every night, a network of
NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.
On Jun 05, 2023, the network reported 3 fireballs.
(3 sporadics)
In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (
PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding
new ones all the time.
On June 5, 2023 there were 2335 potentially hazardous asteroids.
|
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) |
2012 KP24 | 2023-May-31 | 10.3 LD | 12.4 | 19 |
2023 KE5 | 2023-Jun-01 | 5.9 LD | 8.5 | 25 |
2023 JM1 | 2023-Jun-01 | 10.1 LD | 5.1 | 22 |
2023 KZ2 | 2023-Jun-02 | 12.4 LD | 9.3 | 20 |
2023 KS2 | 2023-Jun-02 | 10.3 LD | 10.3 | 22 |
2023 JE5 | 2023-Jun-04 | 17.6 LD | 8 | 35 |
2023 JR2 | 2023-Jun-04 | 17 LD | 7.6 | 38 |
2023 HO18 | 2023-Jun-04 | 1.2 LD | 4.7 | 29 |
2023 KW2 | 2023-Jun-06 | 11.8 LD | 10.1 | 66 |
2018 KR | 2023-Jun-07 | 6.5 LD | 4.9 | 19 |
2017 UJ2 | 2023-Jun-07 | 5.3 LD | 5.6 | 2 |
2023 JB3 | 2023-Jun-09 | 14.1 LD | 6.9 | 52 |
488453 | 2023-Jun-12 | 8.3 LD | 21.5 | 495 |
2022 WN4 | 2023-Jun-13 | 10.8 LD | 15.1 | 158 |
2020 DB5 | 2023-Jun-15 | 11.3 LD | 9.5 | 506 |
2023 HL | 2023-Jun-17 | 13.5 LD | 1 | 15 |
2016 LK49 | 2023-Jun-19 | 17.4 LD | 19.4 | 22 |
2023 HF1 | 2023-Jun-21 | 12.5 LD | 4.4 | 59 |
467336 | 2023-Jun-24 | 17.4 LD | 7.1 | 269 |
2008 LG2 | 2023-Jun-24 | 10.5 LD | 5.6 | 32 |
2013 WV44 | 2023-Jun-28 | 9.1 LD | 11.8 | 95 |
2022 MM1 | 2023-Jun-29 | 9.5 LD | 9.8 | 41 |
2020 NC | 2023-Jul-02 | 13.9 LD | 7.7 | 123 |
2023 HO6 | 2023-Jul-05 | 5.3 LD | 7.8 | 238 |
2019 LH5 | 2023-Jul-07 | 14.9 LD | 21.6 | 281 |
2018 NW | 2023-Jul-10 | 18 LD | 21.8 | 10 |
2018 UY | 2023-Jul-12 | 7.4 LD | 16.4 | 243 |
2020 UQ3 | 2023-Jul-18 | 3.2 LD | 9.3 | 59 |
2022 GX2 | 2023-Jul-20 | 11.9 LD | 9.4 | 5 |
2020 OM | 2023-Jul-20 | 8.5 LD | 9.5 | 14 |
2015 MA54 | 2023-Jul-24 | 16.6 LD | 9.2 | 31 |
2018 BG5 | 2023-Jul-27 | 10.7 LD | 8.4 | 56 |
2020 PP1 | 2023-Jul-29 | 17 LD | 4.1 | 17 |
2021 BD3 | 2023-Jul-30 | 14 LD | 8.5 | 25 |
2016 AW65 | 2023-Jul-31 | 16.6 LD | 5.7 | 54 |
2020 PN1 | 2023-Aug-03 | 10.8 LD | 4.8 | 29 |
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere |
SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.
Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:
What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.
.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.
Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.
Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.
| The official U.S. government space weather bureau |
| The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. |
| Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. |
| 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory |
| Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. |
| information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary |
| current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page |
| Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. |
| from the NOAA Space Environment Center |
| the underlying science of space weather |
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