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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 450.0 km/sec
density: 5.3 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2345 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: B1
2252 UT Oct12
24-hr: B9
0146 UT Oct12
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 12 Oct 21
Expand: labels | no labels
The magnetic field of sunspot AR2882 is decaying, reducing the chance of another strong flare. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 35
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 12 Oct 2021

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2021 total: 59 days (21%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 12 Oct 2021


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 5.97
x1010 W Cold
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 12 Oct 2021

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 89 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 12 Oct 2021

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +8.5% High
48-hr change: -0.8%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 12 Oct 2021 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 3 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 6
storm
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 4.1 nT
Bz: -1.4 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2345 UT
Coronal Holes: 12 Oct 21

Solar wind flowing from this equatorial coronal hole could reach Earth on Oct. 15-16.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds The northern hemisphere season for noctilucent clouds appears to be over. NASA's AIM spacecraft detected no evidence of NLCs around the north pole on Aug. 29th.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated at:
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2021 Oct 12 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
10 %
10 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2021 Oct 12 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
30 %
15 %
MINOR
10 %
01 %
SEVERE
01 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
30 %
20 %
SEVERE
40 %
20 %
 
Tuesday, Oct. 12, 2021
What's up in space
       
 

Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure!

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM UPDATE: Earth's magnetic field is reverberating from the impact of a CME during the early hours of Oct. 12th (0230 UT). The blow triggered a G2-class geomagnetic storm--actually, a double storm--which is only now subsiding more than 12 hours later. Arctic sky watchers should remain alert for auroras as Earth exits the CME's magnetized wake. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

AURORAS IN THE USA: It's been a while. Last night, auroras were sighted in more than a dozen US states after a CME struck Earth's magnetic field. "The G2 geomagnetic storm produced the first visible auroras from coastal Massachusetts since 2017," reports Chris Cook, who snapped this 30-second self portrait around 1am EDT:

The red-topped auroras Cook witnessed are relatively rare; they appear during geomagnetic storms that spread far from the poles. Red is caused by oxygen atoms meeting the solar wind as high as 500 km above Earth's surface.

In some states the auroras were so bright onlookers photographed them using nothing more than their cell phones. iPhone or Android? You decide:

The iPhone photo on the left comes from Tyler Knight of Mound, Minnesota, while the Samsung Galaxy image on the right was taken by meteorologist James Sinko on Castle Hill, Maine. Across the border in Saskatoon, Canada, Frank Lang recorded a must-see video using his iPhone 12.

At the apex of the storm, auroras descended as far south as Nebraska. Caryl Bohn photographed their faint red glow from the town of West Oak.

Subscribers to our Space Weather Alert system were notified the instant the CME hit. The alert was triggered by a sudden uptick in solar wind speed signalling the arrival of a shock front:

The plot shows data from NOAA's DSCOVR spacecraft. When the CME passed by, the solar wind quickened by 120 km/s. At the same time, the plasma density tripled, and the temperature increased almost 10-fold. These are classic signs of a direct hit by a CME.

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

STAR TREK WINE STOPPER: It's the most far-out wine stopper ever! On Sept. 9, 2021, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched the USS Enterprise to the stratosphere onboard a cosmic ray research balloon. Here is the starship-shaped stopper floating 105,563 feet above the rugged Sierra Nevada mountains of central California:

You can have it for $99.95. The students are selling these must-have bar accessories to support their cosmic ray research program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the stopper in flight, telling the story of its trip to the edge of space and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Oct 12, 2021, the network reported 15 fireballs.
(12 sporadics, 2 Orionids, 1 October delta Aurigid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On October 12, 2021 there were 2222 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2021 TU10
2021-Oct-07
6.1 LD
11.6
15
2021 TM8
2021-Oct-07
11.8 LD
6.6
10
2021 TP4
2021-Oct-07
12.4 LD
21.6
43
2021 TX1
2021-Oct-07
1.3 LD
17.8
12
2015 TQ21
2021-Oct-07
10.7 LD
20.7
12
2021 SD2
2021-Oct-07
5.7 LD
6.6
15
2021 TO8
2021-Oct-08
8.4 LD
10.1
9
2021 TN8
2021-Oct-09
16.2 LD
13.7
16
2021 TZ1
2021-Oct-09
3.8 LD
4.2
8
2021 TR10
2021-Oct-09
19 LD
20.9
47
2021 TQ10
2021-Oct-09
15.3 LD
6.5
35
2021 TT1
2021-Oct-10
1 LD
17.1
20
2021 TT10
2021-Oct-10
1.7 LD
14.6
72
2021 RF5
2021-Oct-10
19.9 LD
8.8
48
2021 TE8
2021-Oct-10
6.5 LD
11.1
19
2021 TO3
2021-Oct-10
13 LD
9.7
19
2021 TQ1
2021-Oct-10
3.1 LD
5.4
8
2021 TK11
2021-Oct-11
0.4 LD
10.3
7
2021 TQ6
2021-Oct-11
9.6 LD
5.3
29
2021 QF5
2021-Oct-11
15.4 LD
7.1
62
2019 SE5
2021-Oct-11
16.3 LD
6.6
16
2021 TY2
2021-Oct-11
10.2 LD
5.2
15
2021 SF1
2021-Oct-12
6.2 LD
3.4
13
2021 TN1
2021-Oct-12
7.5 LD
3.6
19
2021 TS10
2021-Oct-12
16.9 LD
8.4
30
2021 TN9
2021-Oct-12
10.4 LD
8.6
15
2021 TX10
2021-Oct-13
2.5 LD
8.6
9
2021 TP8
2021-Oct-14
4.4 LD
12.3
10
2021 TS3
2021-Oct-14
10.9 LD
4.2
13
2021 TC1
2021-Oct-14
14.6 LD
6.6
31
2021 SM1
2021-Oct-14
6.9 LD
7.2
27
2021 TT4
2021-Oct-14
5.1 LD
3.1
9
2021 TN6
2021-Oct-14
10 LD
19.8
33
2021 SM3
2021-Oct-15
13 LD
15.8
96
2021 TV10
2021-Oct-15
1.9 LD
11.6
10
2017 TH1
2021-Oct-15
15 LD
8.8
31
2021 TK10
2021-Oct-15
5.9 LD
9.8
12
2020 TH6
2021-Oct-19
7.3 LD
5.9
6
2021 TX2
2021-Oct-19
9 LD
10.7
33
1996 VB3
2021-Oct-20
8.8 LD
15.3
135
2021 TV3
2021-Oct-21
13.3 LD
12.8
47
2021 TE4
2021-Oct-21
8.3 LD
6
15
2021 SG2
2021-Oct-21
15.9 LD
5.9
25
2021 RE10
2021-Oct-21
15.5 LD
5.1
56
2021 TE1
2021-Oct-23
9.5 LD
12.5
47
2017 SJ20
2021-Oct-25
18.7 LD
15.7
120
2019 UW6
2021-Oct-26
8 LD
11.1
17
2009 WY7
2021-Nov-02
19.2 LD
14.7
54
2017 TS3
2021-Nov-02
13.9 LD
9.9
131
2005 VL1
2021-Nov-04
17 LD
5.2
18
2020 KA
2021-Nov-06
14.9 LD
4.8
11
2021 SP3
2021-Nov-08
15.6 LD
9.3
70
2019 XS
2021-Nov-09
1.5 LD
10.7
65
2017 WG14
2021-Nov-10
18.6 LD
11.6
45
2007 VD138
2021-Nov-12
16 LD
7.7
44
2004 UE
2021-Nov-13
11.1 LD
13.2
224
2016 VR
2021-Nov-15
8 LD
8.7
20
2010 VK139
2021-Nov-15
6.4 LD
13.9
65
2019 VL5
2021-Nov-15
8.6 LD
8
23
2016 JG12
2021-Nov-20
14.4 LD
7.5
112
2021 KH2
2021-Nov-21
19.3 LD
6.5
31
3361
2021-Nov-21
15.1 LD
8.1
511
2014 WF201
2021-Nov-24
13.2 LD
5.5
27
2009 WB105
2021-Nov-25
15.1 LD
18.9
71
2019 BB5
2021-Nov-25
18.8 LD
8.3
16
1994 WR12
2021-Nov-29
16.1 LD
8.8
123
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 6 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results: Our most recent flight on June 25, 2021, confirms a trend of decreasing cosmic radiation:

Cosmic ray dose rates peaked in late 2019, and have been slowly declining ever since. This makes perfect sense. Solar Minimum was in late 2019. During Solar Minimum the sun's magnetic field weakens, allowing more cosmic rays into the solar system. We expect dose rate to be highest at that time.

Now that Solar Minimum has passed, the sun is waking up again. Solar magnetic fields are strengthening, providing a stiffer barrier to cosmic rays trying to enter the solar system. The decline of cosmic radiation above California is a sign that new Solar Cycle 25 is gaining strength.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) llink cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes:

In this plot, dose rates are expessed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb.

Technical notes:

The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
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