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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 425.3 km/sec
density: 3.09 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M1
1749 UT Jun20
24-hr: X1
1709 UT Jun20
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 20 Jun 23
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
AR3341 is the most active sunspot on the solar disk. It is crackling with M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 181
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 20 Jun 2023

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 20 Jun 2023


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 21.01x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 20 Jun 2023

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 169 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 20 Jun 2023

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -1.0% Below Average
48-hr change: +0.3%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 20 Jun 2023 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 1.67 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3.00
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 5.83 nT
Bz: -0.16 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 20 Jun 23

Streams of solar wind flowing from these three small coronal holes could reach Earth on June 21-22.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The northern season for NLCs began on May 26th. The first clouds were detected inside the Arctic Circle by the NOAA 21 satellite. An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). For the rest of the season, daily maps from NOAA 21 will be presented here:


Updated: June 20, 2023

Each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

What happened to NASA's AIM spacecraft, which has been monitoring NLCs since 2007? Earlier this year, the spacecraft's battery failed. As a result AIM is offline, perhaps permanently. There may be some hope of a recovery as AIM's orbit precesses into full sunlight in 2024. Until then, we will maintain AIM's iconic "daily daisy," frozen at Feb. 28, 2023, as a show of thanks for years of service and hope for future daisies:
Switch view:Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar
Updated Jun20
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2023 Jun 20 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
60 %
60 %
CLASS X
20 %
20 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2023 Jun 20 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
20 %
30 %
MINOR
10 %
15 %
SEVERE
05 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
35 %
35 %
 
Tuesday, Jun. 20, 2023
What's up in space
       
 

Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being. This is an AI Free Zone!

 

CME TO STRIKE VENUS AND MARS: A CME launched into space by today's X-flare (described below) may not strike Earth, however, it will hit Venus and Mars, according to a NASA model. The strike on Venus (June 22nd) will probably erode a small amount of the planet's upper atmosphere, while the strike on Mars (June 25th) could spark auroras visible to MAVEN and other satellites.

X-CLASS SOLAR FLARE: New sunspot AR3341 erupted on June 20th, producing an X1.1-class solar flare (1709 UT). NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory captured the extreme ultraviolet flash:

Radiation from the flare ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere. This caused a deep shortwave radio blackout over North America: map. Aviators and ham radio operators may have noticed loss of signal at frequencies below 30 MHz for as much as 20 minutes after the flare.

SOHO coronagraphs have since detected a CME emerging from the blast site. It appears to be bright and fast. Type II solar radio emissions detected by the US Air Force suggest an expansion velocity faster than 1000 km/s (2.2 million mph). Earth is probably not in the strike zone of this fast CME. Confirmation awaits modeling by NOAA analysts. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text

SUMMER ICE HALO: Rayann Elzein works in Utsjoki, Finland, as an aurora tour guide. This week he photographed something more rare than auroras. "We had an exceptional display of ice halos despite the fact that we're in the middle of summer!" he says.

All of the luminous forms in this picture are caused by sunlight shining through ice crystals in the clouds. "The parhelic circle was visible all around the sky--a full 360°," he says. "There was also a faint 46° halo and a super rare Wegener arc!"

"Normally I don't look for halos in summer," says Elzein, "but while having my morning coffee on June 18th, I saw a rainbow-looking shape way too close to the sun to be an actual rainbow. It was a beautiful and bright infralateral arc! I rushed outside to photograph the entire display."

"There are no auroras up here at 70°N during these summer months, but nature never ceases to amaze us," he says.

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

COMET ATLAS IS UP ALL NIGHT: If you can find the North Star, you can find Comet ATLAS (C/2023 E1). This week, the comet is approaching Polaris, which means it is up all night for northern astronomers. Michael Jaeger photographed it gliding among the stars of Ursa Minor on June 18th:

This comet was discovered on March 1st by an Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) telescope in South Africa. At first it appeared to be an asteroid, but when a tail appeared astronomers quickly realized they had found a comet. Falling toward the sun, Comet ATLAS has since brightened 1000-fold in response to increasing solar heat.

A peak brightness of magnitude +9 is expected around July 1st when Comet ATLAS reaches perihelion (closest approach to the sun). The comet will still be close to the North Star then, up all night and begging for a nice long expsosure. Take a look!

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

THE SHOOTING STAR PENDANT: The Earth to Sky Store sells a lot of space pendants. This one is special. The Shooting Star Pendant contains a hidden chamber, which you may fill with the ashes of a loved one or anything else you wish to keep close to your heart.

You can have it for $119.95. The students of Earth to Sky Calculus are selling space pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with greeting card showing the item in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Noctilucent Cloud Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Jun 20, 2023, the network reported 3 fireballs.
(3 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On June 20, 2023 there were 2335 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2020 DB5
2023-Jun-15
11.3 LD
9.5
506
2023 LL1
2023-Jun-15
1.5 LD
10.7
8
2023 LM1
2023-Jun-15
0.3 LD
9.2
7
2023 MB
2023-Jun-16
13.5 LD
5.5
20
2023 MP
2023-Jun-16
4.5 LD
12.6
35
2023 LQ1
2023-Jun-16
2.7 LD
8.4
14
2023 MZ
2023-Jun-16
11.8 LD
20.3
67
2023 HL
2023-Jun-17
13.5 LD
1
15
2023 LV1
2023-Jun-17
14.7 LD
16.5
189
2023 LE2
2023-Jun-17
0.4 LD
6.8
3
2023 LV
2023-Jun-18
11.9 LD
8
34
2023 LW
2023-Jun-18
6.1 LD
16.6
33
2016 LK49
2023-Jun-19
17.4 LD
19.4
22
2023 LT1
2023-Jun-20
1.8 LD
10.3
15
2023 HF1
2023-Jun-21
12.5 LD
4.4
59
2023 MQ
2023-Jun-23
3.1 LD
8.8
11
2023 MU
2023-Jun-23
18.5 LD
14
56
467336
2023-Jun-24
17.4 LD
7.1
269
2008 LG2
2023-Jun-24
10.5 LD
5.6
32
2023 MD
2023-Jun-25
7 LD
4.1
27
2013 WV44
2023-Jun-28
9.1 LD
11.8
95
2022 MM1
2023-Jun-29
9.8 LD
9.7
41
2023 LG2
2023-Jul-01
5.7 LD
2.8
26
2020 NC
2023-Jul-02
13.9 LD
7.7
123
2023 HO6
2023-Jul-05
5.3 LD
7.8
232
2023 LH2
2023-Jul-06
18.8 LD
7.9
35
2019 LH5
2023-Jul-07
14.9 LD
21.6
281
2018 NW
2023-Jul-10
18 LD
21.8
10
2023 LN1
2023-Jul-10
17.9 LD
5.8
63
2018 UY
2023-Jul-12
7.4 LD
16.4
243
2020 UQ3
2023-Jul-18
3.2 LD
9.3
59
2022 GX2
2023-Jul-20
11.9 LD
9.4
5
2020 OM
2023-Jul-20
8.5 LD
9.5
14
2015 MA54
2023-Jul-24
16.6 LD
9.2
31
2018 BG5
2023-Jul-27
10.7 LD
8.4
56
2020 PP1
2023-Jul-29
17 LD
4.1
17
2021 BD3
2023-Jul-30
14 LD
8.5
25
2016 AW65
2023-Jul-31
16.6 LD
5.7
54
2020 PN1
2023-Aug-03
10.8 LD
4.8
29
620082
2023-Aug-04
14 LD
20.6
375
2004 KG1
2023-Aug-06
18.7 LD
9.2
54
2022 BS2
2023-Aug-11
17.3 LD
8.2
30
2022 CP1
2023-Aug-17
13.8 LD
9.8
12
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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