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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 411.9 km/sec
density: 12.14 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: B8
2200 UT Nov20
24-hr: C3
0609 UT Nov20
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 20 Nov 22
Expand: labels | no labels
Sunspot AR3150 poses a threat for M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 59
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 20 Nov 2022

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 20 Nov 2022


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 15.82
x1010 W Neutral
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 20 Nov 2022

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 115 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 20 Nov 2022

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is beginning, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: +3.6% Elevated
48-hr change: -0.5%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 20 Nov 2022 @ 1700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 3.00 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3.00
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 10.88 nT
Bz: -8.60 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 20 Nov 22

Solar wind flowing from this southern coronal hole should reach Earth on Nov. 20th or 21st.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Noctilucent Clouds
The summer season for northern noctilucent clouds has ended; the southern season will begin in November.
Switch view: Europe, USA, Asia, Polar
Updated Nov20
SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2022 Nov 20 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
15 %
15 %
CLASS X
01 %
01 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2022 Nov 20 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
40 %
35 %
MINOR
30 %
20 %
SEVERE
15 %
05 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
05 %
10 %
MINOR
25 %
25 %
SEVERE
70 %
60 %
 
Sunday, Nov. 20, 2022
What's up in space
       
 

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

 

GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: NOAA forecasters say there is a chance of G1-class geomagnetic storms on Nov. 20th or 21st when a high-speed stream of solar wind is expected to hit Earth. The gaseous material is flowing from a large southern hole in the sun's atmosphere. Arctic sky watchers should be alert for auroras. Aurora alerts: SMS Text.

SMALL ASTEROID DISINTEGRATES OVER CANADA: Astronomers are getting better at this. Yesterday, for the 6th time in recent history, an Earth-bound asteroid was discovered before it hit Earth. Astronomer David Rankin was conducting a routine survey at Mt Lemmon, Arizona, on Nov. 19th when he spotted the 1-meter space rock coming in from the asteroid belt. Three hours later it was blazing through the atmosphere above Canada:

Dereck Bowen photographed the Moon-bright fireball (above) from his backyard in Brantford, Ontario. "It was a lucky shot," he says. "I had my GoPro set up trying to get some action from the Leonids meteor shower, and I was astonished to find the asteroid."

Not everyone was surprised. Rankin's discovery triggered warnings of an imminent impact. According to the Minor Planet Center, seven observatories had time to photograph the sub-meter object before it hit on Nov. 19th at 08:27 UTC. This is a testament to astronomers' improving ability to catch incoming dangers from space.

After the asteroid entered the atmosphere, ground-based weather radars tracked pieces of the disintegrating space rock as far down as 850 meters above Earth's surface. It was a deep hit, and meteorites may have reached the ground east of Grimsby, Ontario. NASA created this map of the fall zone:


Colored polygons estimate the landing sites of meteorites from ~1g (yellow) to 10kg (red) [more maps] Credit:NASA/ARES

Most of the fall landed in Lake Ontario but small masses might be found east of Grimsby with larger masses near McNab, according to NASA's Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science Division. If you find a piece, here's how to handle it.

More than 50 eyewitness reports of the fireball have been submitted to the American Meteor Society from as far south as Maryland in the USA. Experienced observers say the fireball's peak brightness was between magnitude -10 and -20. For some people the fireball was brighter than a full Moon.

The Minor Planet Center has posthumously designated this asteroid 2022 WJ1.

For the record, previous asteroids detected just before they hit Earth are: 2008 TC3, 2014 AA, 2018 LA, 2019 MO, and 2022 EB5. There have been two this year alone!

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

SOLAR FLARE AND RADIO BLACKOUT (UPDATED): New sunspot AR3150 exploded on Nov. 19th (12:56 UT), producing an M1-class solar flare. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded a shock wave emerging from the blast site at 930 km/s (2 million mph):

Newly-arriving images from SOHO confirm that the shockwave lifted a CME out of the sun's atmosphere. However, NOAA models indicate that it will not hit Earth. The storm cloud will sail past our planet, a near-miss just ahead of Earth in its orbit, on Nov. 22nd.

A pulse of extreme UV radiation from the flare ionized Earth's upper atmosphere, causing a minor shortwave radio blackout over the south Atlantic Ocean. Aviators and mariners may have noticed signals below 15 MHz fading for as much as an hour after the flare. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.

Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

MR. SPOCK CHRISTMAS ORNAMENT: It's the logical way to decorate your Christmas tree--with a rare Mr. Spock ornament. This one has been to the edge of space. In September, the students of Earth to Sky Calculus launched Spock to the stratosphere on board a cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have it for $129.95. The students are selling Spock ornaments to pay the helium bill for their cosmic ray ballooning program. Made by Hallmark in the 1990s, the ornament comes with a greeting card showing the science officer in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education


  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Nov 19, 2022, the network reported 40 fireballs.
(19 sporadics, 14 Leonids, 6 northern Taurids, 1 alpha Monocerotid)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On November 20, 2022 there were 2314 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2022 WE1
2022-Nov-15
8.8 LD
4.6
13
2022 WN
2022-Nov-15
10.4 LD
13.6
20
2022 VH2
2022-Nov-15
8 LD
5.6
17
2019 VL5
2022-Nov-15
8.5 LD
8.1
24
2022 UD28
2022-Nov-16
11 LD
11.5
31
2018 WH
2022-Nov-16
2.5 LD
7.7
4
2022 WQ
2022-Nov-16
7.8 LD
11.9
14
2022 WL
2022-Nov-18
10.7 LD
14.6
22
2022 US14
2022-Nov-18
8.5 LD
8.3
41
2022 WA
2022-Nov-18
1.3 LD
16.2
16
2022 VM2
2022-Nov-18
8.2 LD
3.7
24
2022 VO2
2022-Nov-19
8.9 LD
14.6
23
2022 WS
2022-Nov-19
1.9 LD
5.3
7
2022 VU1
2022-Nov-20
7 LD
7.1
17
2022 VR1
2022-Nov-20
4.1 LD
5.7
39
2022 WD1
2022-Nov-20
16.5 LD
13.2
25
2022 VX
2022-Nov-20
11.2 LD
5.9
14
2019 OR1
2022-Nov-21
18.1 LD
13.4
246
2022 WD
2022-Nov-21
11 LD
6.6
10
2022 WO1
2022-Nov-22
10 LD
7.6
29
2022 WG1
2022-Nov-22
4.5 LD
25.6
23
2022 VS1
2022-Nov-22
6.5 LD
7.7
22
2022 VT2
2022-Nov-22
3 LD
6.8
22
2022 WN1
2022-Nov-22
18.5 LD
10
25
2018 VL8
2022-Nov-22
16.3 LD
18
98
2022 WZ1
2022-Nov-23
8.9 LD
9.6
11
2005 LW3
2022-Nov-23
3 LD
13.5
168
2022 WQ1
2022-Nov-24
7.7 LD
15.4
31
2022 WO
2022-Nov-24
10.2 LD
8.4
21
2022 WA2
2022-Nov-25
3.9 LD
9.8
19
2022 WY
2022-Nov-25
11.2 LD
6.8
16
2022 UD72
2022-Nov-26
10.6 LD
4.3
20
2022 VQ
2022-Nov-27
7.6 LD
8.2
29
2022 VB2
2022-Nov-29
9.1 LD
8.5
34
2022 WK1
2022-Dec-01
14.2 LD
12.2
40
2010 VQ
2022-Dec-02
11.9 LD
3.9
10
2009 HV58
2022-Dec-02
12.3 LD
28.8
427
2022 UT8
2022-Dec-02
11.1 LD
4.2
71
2017 QL33
2022-Dec-03
16 LD
6.9
195
2022 VP1
2022-Dec-05
17.3 LD
7.1
57
2022 WW
2022-Dec-10
19.2 LD
6.2
31
2019 XY
2022-Dec-10
3.6 LD
12.9
9
2003 YS70
2022-Dec-13
10.4 LD
4.1
5
2019 XQ1
2022-Dec-13
14.5 LD
9.8
30
2018 XU3
2022-Dec-13
14.8 LD
10.3
30
2021 XS4
2022-Dec-14
14.5 LD
9.7
23
2015 RN35
2022-Dec-15
1.8 LD
5.9
84
2016 YE
2022-Dec-18
18.6 LD
4.8
23
2014 HK129
2022-Dec-20
6.7 LD
11.6
214
2017 XQ60
2022-Dec-21
18.8 LD
16
45
2022 UD9
2022-Dec-22
4.6 LD
10.3
154
2022 RD2
2022-Dec-22
13.9 LD
1.1
7
2013 YA14
2022-Dec-25
2.7 LD
10.5
68
2022 TE14
2022-Dec-25
11.2 LD
7
126
2018 YK2
2022-Dec-26
15.8 LD
15.1
98
2010 XC15
2022-Dec-27
2 LD
10.1
184
2021 AE
2022-Dec-28
16.5 LD
15
23
2021 NF
2023-Jan-02
17.9 LD
11.3
40
2011 WR41
2023-Jan-03
15.8 LD
8.9
34
2019 AY3
2023-Jan-04
16.8 LD
19.7
62
2021 TL
2023-Jan-09
14.2 LD
8.5
75
2014 LJ
2023-Jan-14
4.8 LD
3.5
7
2012 BV13
2023-Jan-16
12.2 LD
6.7
129
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

To get the best views of the cosmos, check out the Phoenix Window Glass Replacement experts for all your window and glass needs

To get an up close view of the heavenly bodies surrounding Earth, think about selling your junk car for cash and buying a high quality telescope.
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NASA Near Earth Asteroid Home Page

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