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SpaceWeather.com -- News and information about meteor showers, solar flares, auroras, and near-Earth asteroids
 
Solar wind
speed: 424.2 km/sec
density: 10.14 protons/cm3
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M3
2121 UT Jan22
24-hr: M3
2121 UT Jan22
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 2350 UT
Daily Sun: 22 Jan 24
Expand: labels | no labels | Carrington
Fast-growing sunspot AR3559 has a 'beta-gamma' magnetic field that harbors energy for M-class solar flares. Credit: SDO/HMI

Sunspot number: 150
What is the sunspot number?
Updated 22 Jan 2024

Spotless Days
Current Stretch: 0 days
2024 total: 0 days (0%)
2023 total: 0 days (0%)
2022 total: 1 day (<1%)
2021 total: 64 days (18%)
2020 total: 208 days (57%)
2019 total: 281 days (77%)
2018 total: 221 days (61%)
2017 total: 104 days (28%)
2016 total: 32 days (9%)
2015 total: 0 days (0%)
2014 total: 1 day (<1%)
2013 total: 0 days (0%)
2012 total: 0 days (0%)
2011 total: 2 days (<1%)
2010 total: 51 days (14%)
2009 total: 260 days (71%)
2008 total: 268 days (73%)
2007 total: 152 days (42%)
2006 total: 70 days (19%)

Updated 22 Jan 2024


Thermosphere Climate Index
today: 19.84x1010 W Warm
Max: 49.4
x1010 W Hot (10/1957)
Min: 2.05
x1010 W Cold (02/2009)
explanation | more data: gfx, txt
Updated 21 Jan 2024

The Radio Sun
10.7 cm flux: 179 sfu
explanation | more data
Updated 22 Jan 2024

Cosmic Rays Solar Cycle 25 is intensifying, and this is reflected in the number of cosmic rays entering Earth's atmosphere. Neutron counts from the University of Oulu's Sodankyla Geophysical Observatory show that cosmic rays reaching Earth are slowly declining--a result of the yin-yang relationship between the solar cycle and cosmic rays.

Oulu Neutron Counts

Percentages of the Space Age average:
today: -3.7% Low
48-hr change: -0.0%
Max: +11.7% Very High
(12/2009)
Min: -32.1% Very Low (06/1991)
explanation | more data
Updated 22 Jan 2024 @ 0700 UT

Current Auroral Oval:
Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica
Credit: NOAA/Ovation
Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 3.33 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 3.33
quiet
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 6.69 nT
Bz: -3.70 nT south
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 1146 UT
Coronal Holes: 22 Jan 24

A new coronal hole is emerging over the sun's southeastern limb.
Credit: SDO/AIA

Polar Stratospheric Clouds
Colorful Type II polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) form when the temperature in the stratosphere drops to a staggeringly low -85C. NASA's MERRA-2 climate model predicts when the air up there is cold enough:

On Jan. 22, 2024, the Arctic stratosphere is rapidly cooling and might soon be cold enough for Type II polar stratospheric clouds. | more data.

Noctilucent Clouds
The southern season for NLCs is underway. The first clouds were detected inside the Antarctic Circle on Dec. 4th by the NOAA 21 satellite. An instrument onboard NOAA 21 (OMPS LP) is able to detect NLCs (also known as "polar mesospheric clouds" or PMCs). For the rest of the season, daily maps from NOAA 21 will be presented here:

noctilucent clouds
Updated: Jan 22, 2024

Each dot is a detected cloud. As the season progresses, these dots will multiply in number and shift in hue from blue to red as the brightness of the clouds intensifies.

SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts
Updated at: 2024 Jan 22 2200 UTC
FLARE
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
CLASS M
60 %
60 %
CLASS X
10 %
10 %
Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm
Updated at: 2024 Jan 22 2200 UTC
Mid-latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
40 %
15 %
MINOR
35 %
05 %
SEVERE
15 %
01 %
High latitudes
0-24 hr
24-48 hr
ACTIVE
15 %
15 %
MINOR
20 %
20 %
SEVERE
20 %
20 %
 
Monday, Jan. 22, 2024
What's up in space
       
 

This is an AI Free Zone! Text created by ChatGPT and other Large Language Models is spreading rapidly across the Internet. It's well-written, artificial, frequently inaccurate. If you find a mistake on Spaceweather.com, rest assured it was made by a real human being.

 

INCREASING CHANCE OF GEOMAGNETIC STORMS: There are now two CMEs heading for Earth. Both were launched by snapping magnetic filaments on the sun. Their consecutive arrivals on Jan. 23rd and Jan. 25th are expected to cause G2-class and G1-class geomagnetic storms, respectively. Stay tuned for updates. CME impact alerts: SMS Text

ANOTHER MAGNETIC FILAMENT SNAPPED: Another magnetic filament erupted today, Jan. 22nd, opening a 'canyon of fire' in the sun's atmosphere. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the massive snap:

Newly-arriving images from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) show a bright CME emerging from the blast site: movie. The bulk of this CME will sail to the south of our planet. However, a preliminary NASA forecast model suggests the CME's flank will strike Earth on Jan. 25th, possibly causing G1-class geomagnetic storms. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

HAND-CRAFTED CUPID SNOOPY: Is there a Snoopy fan in your life? They will love Cupid Snoopy for Valentine's Day. This hand-made and painted figurine flew to the stratosphere on Jan. 18, 2024, onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:

You can have it for $119.95. Wearing Cupid's wings and armed with the arrow of love, Snoopy makes a fantastic gift for any romantic occasion. It comes with a gift card showing the figurine in flight and telling the story of its journey to the edge of space.

This Cupid Snoopy figurine is officially licensed by Peanuts and is 100% authentic. Hand-crafted from high-quality stone resin with intricate styling and attention to detail, it is a selection from the award-winning Jim Shore collection.

Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education

BIG SUNSPOT ALERT: A big sunspot is turning toward Earth. AR3559 tripled in size over the weekend, growing 10 times wider than Earth with more than a dozen dark cores. If you have eclipse glasses, take a look; no magnification is required to see this behemoth. An unstable 'beta-gamma' magnetic field makes AR3559 a threat for strong M-class solar flares. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text


Above: A 48-hour animation of AR3559 showing its rapid growth over the weekend.


Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter


Realtime Comet Photo Gallery
Free:
Spaceweather.com Newsletter

  All Sky Fireball Network
Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com.

On Jan 21, 2024, the network reported 8 fireballs.
(8 sporadics)

In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies]

  Near Earth Asteroids
Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time.
On January 22, 2024 there were 2349 potentially hazardous asteroids.
Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters:
Asteroid
Date(UT)
Miss Distance
Velocity (km/s)
Diameter (m)
2024 BS1
2024-Jan-17
3.1 LD
16.4
12
2024 AV4
2024-Jan-17
8.7 LD
15.5
31
2024 BB
2024-Jan-17
10.5 LD
17
21
2024 BW1
2024-Jan-18
6.5 LD
5
32
2024 AP2
2024-Jan-19
4 LD
5.9
41
2024 BD
2024-Jan-19
7.1 LD
22.5
30
2024 AE3
2024-Jan-19
11.1 LD
7.5
48
2024 BC
2024-Jan-20
2.2 LD
18.9
13
2024 BQ1
2024-Jan-20
0.9 LD
6.6
4
2024 BL
2024-Jan-20
4.7 LD
18.8
13
2024 BX1
2024-Jan-21
0 LD
33.8
1
2024 BE1
2024-Jan-21
2.1 LD
9.8
6
2024 BM
2024-Jan-22
7.9 LD
6
14
2024 BG2
2024-Jan-22
1.4 LD
31.6
14
2024 BA1
2024-Jan-23
8.5 LD
6.4
14
2021 BL3
2024-Jan-23
17.2 LD
23.4
41
2024 AL6
2024-Jan-24
5.5 LD
27
27
2017 BG92
2024-Jan-25
11.8 LD
6.3
6
2011 CQ1
2024-Jan-26
11.3 LD
4.6
1
2024 BJ
2024-Jan-27
0.9 LD
6.3
22
2024 BF1
2024-Jan-27
10.5 LD
26.1
82
2024 AU4
2024-Jan-28
16.5 LD
17.4
82
2024 AT1
2024-Jan-30
20 LD
21.4
149
2007 EG
2024-Jan-30
16 LD
8.6
43
2003 BM4
2024-Feb-01
8.7 LD
10.9
37
2024 BY
2024-Feb-01
6.6 LD
5.4
19
2008 OS7
2024-Feb-02
7.5 LD
18.2
285
2024 BP1
2024-Feb-02
8.9 LD
7.2
41
2019 CC5
2024-Feb-04
19.2 LD
15
139
2024 BO
2024-Feb-06
19.9 LD
6.1
32
2023 SP1
2024-Feb-07
14.3 LD
11.8
256
2024 BH
2024-Feb-10
18.4 LD
8.1
77
2020 DK
2024-Feb-12
8.9 LD
9.9
22
2024 AO
2024-Feb-16
9.3 LD
7.3
53
2019 DA1
2024-Mar-03
14.6 LD
13.4
22
2015 FM34
2024-Mar-12
19.4 LD
11.1
113
2020 FU
2024-Mar-15
14.9 LD
15.5
19
2020 FD
2024-Mar-18
4.5 LD
15.1
10
Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU.
  Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere

SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements.

Latest results (July 2022): Atmospheric radiation is decreasing in 2022. Our latest measurements in July 2022 registered a 6-year low:

What's going on? Ironically, the radiation drop is caused by increasing solar activity. Solar Cycle 25 has roared to life faster than forecasters expected. The sun's strengthening and increasingly tangled magnetic field repels cosmic rays from deep space. In addition, solar coronal mass ejections (CMEs) sweep aside cosmic rays, causing sharp reductions called "Forbush Decreases." The two effects blend together to bring daily radiation levels down.

.Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can alter the chemistry of the atmosphere, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. A number of controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) go even further, linking cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death.

Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners.

Data points in the graph labeled "Stratospheric Radiation" correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today.

  Essential web links
NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center
  The official U.S. government space weather bureau
Atmospheric Optics
  The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena.
Solar Dynamics Observatory
  Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever.
STEREO
  3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
  Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO.
SolarMonitor.org
  information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary
Starlink Satellite Statistics
  current counts of failed and deployed Starlink satellites from Jonathan's Space Page
The Aerospace Corporation
  Authoritative predictions of space junk and satellite re-entries
Daily Sunspot Summaries
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
NOAA 27-Day Space Weather Forecasts
  fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong.
Aurora 30 min forecast
  from the NOAA Space Environment Center
Live Aurora Webcam
  from Lights over Lapland
Heliophysics
  the underlying science of space weather

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