 | | | Switch to: Europe, USA, New Zealand, Antarctica Credit: NOAA/Ovation  Planetary K-index
Now: Kp= 2 quiet
24-hr max: Kp= 5 storm
explanation | more data
Interplanetary Mag. Field
Btotal: 22.3 nT
Bz: 14.9 nT north
more data: ACE, DSCOVR
Updated: Today at 2345 UT Coronal Holes: 31 Mar 22 
Solar wind flowing from this minor southern ccoronal hole should reach Earth on April 3rd. Credit: SDO/AIA  Noctilucent Clouds
The southern season for noctilucent clouds is over. It ended on Feb. 20, 2022, concluding the weakest NLC season in 14 years. The northern season will begin in late May.. Switch view: Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula, East Antarctica, Polar Updated at: SPACE WEATHER
NOAA Forecasts | | Updated at: 2022 Mar 31 2200 UTC FLARE | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | CLASS M | 50 % | 50 % | CLASS X | 10 % | 10 % | Geomagnetic Storms:
Probabilities for significant disturbances in Earth's magnetic field are given for three activity levels: active, minor storm, severe storm Updated at: 2022 Mar 31 2200 UTC Mid-latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 25 % | 20 % | MINOR | 35 % | 05 % | SEVERE | 25 % | 01 % | High latitudes | 0-24 hr | 24-48 hr | ACTIVE | 05 % | 15 % | MINOR | 20 % | 25 % | SEVERE | 70 % | 30 % | | | |  | | | | | | | | | | | Lights Over Lapland has a full catalogue of exciting adventures in Abisko National Park, Sweden! Check out our daytime and evening activities and book your adventure! | | | ANOTHER STRONG SOLAR FLARE: Active sunspot AR2975 just did it again, producing another very strong solar flare: movie. The almost-X flare (magnitude M9.6) peaked at 1835 UT on March 31st. Type II solar radio emissions recorded by the US Air Force suggest that a CME will soon emerge emerge from the blast site traveling faster than 1600 km/s. Will it hit Earth? Stay tuned for answers. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text. CME IMPACT SPARKS MID-LATITUDE AURORAS (UPDATED): As predicted, a Cannibal CME hit Earth's magnetic field on March 31st (0210 UT). The impact caused a G1-class geomagnetic storm--weaker than the G3 storm that was expected, but still enough to spark auroras across multiple northern-tier US states. "Last night we saw some amazing auroras in North Dakota," reports Elon Gane who sends this picture from the shore of Lake Darling: 
Remarkably, this picture was taken using a cell phone---"my Samsung S22 Ultra," says Gane. "I was interested in how it would do and I'm pleasantly surprised by the result." At the apex of the storm, which lasted 6 hours, auroras descended into the USA as far south as Nebraska and Colorado. Troy Michael Bryan saw the lights outside the town of Scottsbluff NE at latitude +42N: 
"The red glow was visible albeit faint," says Bryan. "My camera really captured it well." George Dunham photographed red auroras at an even lower latitude: +38N over Crawford, Colorado. "They were just at the threshold of naked-eye visibility," he says. If the storm had reached the G3 intensity forecasters thought possible, auroras might have been sighted in almost every US state. Maybe next time. Aurora alerts: SMS Text. more images: from Ash Hanson-Steen of Ritzville, Washington; from Rocky Raybell of Keller, Washington; from Zach Schierl of Yakima, Washington; from Jan Curtis of Cheyenne, Wyoming; from Matthew Edwards of Big Horn National Forest, Wyoming; from Michael Kenney of Dubois, Wyoming; from Matt Moffet of Billings, Montana; from Sacha Layos of Fairbanks, AK; Realtime Aurora Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter
THE NEXT CME MIGHT BE A DUD: Yesterday's X1-class solar flare produced a CME with an apparently Earth-directed component: movie. NOAA analysts think it might be a dud: "The CME associated with the X1 flare was modeled and is unlikely to have any significant Earth impacts," they say. Nevertheless, we encourage aurora watchers to be alert for geomagnetic activity on April 2nd when the arriving CME might defy expectations. Aurora alerts: SMS Text. STERLING SILVER RAINBOW DRAGONFLY: Are you looking for a far-out gift? Nothing says "I love you" like a rainbow dragonfly from the edge of space. On Jan 28th, this sterling silver pendant hitched a ride onboard an Earth to Sky Calculus cosmic ray research balloon:
You can have it for $172.95. The dragonfly's heart is a Celtic love knot, and its wings are decorated with a spray of rainbow-colored crystals. This item is 100% 925 sterling silver, lead-free, nickel-free, cadmium-free, and totally hypoallergenic. The students are selling dragonfly pendants to support their cosmic ray ballooning program. Each one comes with a greeting card showing the pendant in flight and telling the story of its trip to the stratosphere and back again. Far Out Gifts: Earth to Sky Store
All sales support hands-on STEM education
Realtime Space Weather Photo Gallery
Free: Spaceweather.com Newsletter Every night, a network of NASA all-sky cameras scans the skies above the United States for meteoritic fireballs. Automated software maintained by NASA's Meteoroid Environment Office calculates their orbits, velocity, penetration depth in Earth's atmosphere and many other characteristics. Daily results are presented here on Spaceweather.com. On Mar 31, 2022, the network reported 3 fireballs.
(3 sporadics)  In this diagram of the inner solar system, all of the fireball orbits intersect at a single point--Earth. The orbits are color-coded by velocity, from slow (red) to fast (blue). [Larger image] [movies] Potentially Hazardous Asteroids ( PHAs) are space rocks larger than approximately 100m that can come closer to Earth than 0.05 AU. None of the known PHAs is on a collision course with our planet, although astronomers are finding new ones all the time. On March 31, 2022 there were 2272 potentially hazardous asteroids.
 | Recent & Upcoming Earth-asteroid encounters: | Asteroid | Date(UT) | Miss Distance | Velocity (km/s) | Diameter (m) | | 2012 FX35 | 2022-Mar-26 | 13.5 LD | 5.9 | 25 | | 2011 GE3 | 2022-Mar-26 | 7.6 LD | 7 | 22 | | 2022 FA1 | 2022-Mar-26 | 0.7 LD | 13.4 | 5 | | 2022 FY | 2022-Mar-26 | 1.8 LD | 7.2 | 10 | | 2022 FM1 | 2022-Mar-26 | 4 LD | 7.6 | 7 | | 2022 FL2 | 2022-Mar-26 | 3.9 LD | 10.2 | 20 | | 2022 FS3 | 2022-Mar-27 | 12.3 LD | 5.9 | 8 | | 2022 FS | 2022-Mar-27 | 2 LD | 14.5 | 13 | | 2022 FB2 | 2022-Mar-28 | 0.4 LD | 13.7 | 16 | | 2022 FE | 2022-Mar-28 | 9 LD | 7.2 | 15 | | 2022 FF1 | 2022-Mar-29 | 3.9 LD | 6.7 | 5 | | 2022 FR1 | 2022-Mar-29 | 4.9 LD | 9.6 | 9 | | 2022 EL5 | 2022-Mar-29 | 7.1 LD | 3 | 14 | | 2010 GD35 | 2022-Mar-29 | 17.7 LD | 12.5 | 43 | | 2022 EK1 | 2022-Mar-30 | 19 LD | 7.6 | 42 | | 2022 FX1 | 2022-Mar-30 | 13.3 LD | 9.6 | 25 | | 2022 FM2 | 2022-Mar-31 | 11.6 LD | 6.2 | 19 | | 2022 FL1 | 2022-Mar-31 | 5 LD | 2.6 | 5 | | 2020 FW5 | 2022-Mar-31 | 12 LD | 12.9 | 27 | | 2022 FQ2 | 2022-Mar-31 | 6 LD | 9.4 | 16 | | 2022 DX4 | 2022-Mar-31 | 16.7 LD | 6 | 39 | | 2022 FF3 | 2022-Apr-01 | 2.6 LD | 5.3 | 10 | | 2007 FF1 | 2022-Apr-01 | 19.4 LD | 12.8 | 155 | | 2022 FQ | 2022-Apr-02 | 8 LD | 10.4 | 37 | | 2021 GN1 | 2022-Apr-02 | 14.4 LD | 14.3 | 19 | | 2016 GW221 | 2022-Apr-02 | 9.8 LD | 5.9 | 41 | | 2022 FE2 | 2022-Apr-02 | 10 LD | 10.6 | 31 | | 2022 FJ1 | 2022-Apr-02 | 16.5 LD | 5 | 27 | | 2022 FL | 2022-Apr-03 | 8.7 LD | 7.3 | 20 | | 2017 WN13 | 2022-Apr-04 | 6.3 LD | 19.5 | 102 | | 2022 EN2 | 2022-Apr-04 | 18.7 LD | 5.6 | 39 | | 2022 FG3 | 2022-Apr-04 | 12.6 LD | 7.4 | 23 | | 2022 FO3 | 2022-Apr-04 | 6.7 LD | 11.3 | 23 | | 2012 TV | 2022-Apr-05 | 19.2 LD | 18.1 | 32 | | 2020 GH1 | 2022-Apr-09 | 16.8 LD | 7.2 | 28 | | 2022 FT3 | 2022-Apr-10 | 19.8 LD | 11 | 21 | | 2017 TO2 | 2022-Apr-10 | 17.9 LD | 11.6 | 78 | | 363599 | 2022-Apr-12 | 19.3 LD | 24.5 | 221 | | 2022 FR3 | 2022-Apr-14 | 18.3 LD | 8.4 | 92 | | 2020 TQ6 | 2022-Apr-18 | 13.4 LD | 15.4 | 43 | | 2022 FN3 | 2022-Apr-19 | 15.2 LD | 6.3 | 39 | | 2017 UR2 | 2022-Apr-22 | 19.4 LD | 9.3 | 10 | | 2020 VN1 | 2022-Apr-25 | 19.3 LD | 2.3 | 9 | | 418135 | 2022-Apr-28 | 8.5 LD | 10.4 | 443 | | 2017 XO2 | 2022-May-01 | 18.8 LD | 12.4 | 118 | | 2017 HG1 | 2022-May-04 | 18.2 LD | 6 | 11 | | 467460 | 2022-May-09 | 14.9 LD | 11.3 | 513 | | 2019 JE | 2022-May-11 | 4.9 LD | 7.2 | 20 | | 2012 UX68 | 2022-May-15 | 2.8 LD | 8.2 | 54 | | 388945 | 2022-May-15 | 15 LD | 8.2 | 287 | | 2013 UX | 2022-May-17 | 16.8 LD | 16.3 | 141 | | 2021 WY | 2022-May-18 | 16.9 LD | 9 | 65 | | 7335 | 2022-May-27 | 10.5 LD | 13.1 | 1108 | Notes: LD means "Lunar Distance." 1 LD = 384,401 km, the distance between Earth and the Moon. 1 LD also equals 0.00256 AU. MAG is the visual magnitude of the asteroid on the date of closest approach. | | Cosmic Rays in the Atmosphere | SPACE WEATHER BALLOON DATA: Almost once a week, Spaceweather.com and the students of Earth to Sky Calculus fly space weather balloons to the stratosphere over California. These balloons are equipped with sensors that detect secondary cosmic rays, a form of radiation from space that can penetrate all the way down to Earth's surface. Our monitoring program has been underway without interruption for 7 years, resulting in a unique dataset of in situ atmospheric measurements. Latest results (Nov. 2021): Our balloons have just measured a sudden drop in atmospheric radiation. It happened during the strong geomagnetic storms of Nov. 3-4, 2021. Here are the data: 
This is called a "Forbush decrease," named after American physicist Scott Forbush who studied cosmic rays in the early 20th century. It happens when a CME from the sun sweeps past Earth and literally pushes cosmic rays away from our planet. Radiation from deep space that would normally pepper Earth's upper atmosphere is briefly wiped out. We have measured Forbush decreases before. For example, here's one from Sept. 2014. The Forbush Decrease of Nov. 3-4, 2021, was the deepest in the history of our 7-year atmospheric monitoring program. Radiation levels in the stratosphere over California dropped nearly 20%, more than doubling the previous record from our dataset. En route to the stratosphere, our sensors also pass through aviation altitudes, so we can sample radiation where planes fly. This plot shows how the Forbush decrease was restricted to the stratosphere; it did not affect lower levels of the atmosphere: 
The dose rates shown above are expressed as multiples of sea level. For instance, we see that boarding a plane that flies at 25,000 feet exposes passengers to dose rates ~10x higher than sea level. At 40,000 feet, the multiplier is closer to 50x. The higher you fly, the more radiation you will absorb. .Who cares? Cosmic rays are a surprisingly "down to Earth" form of space weather. They can seed clouds, trigger lightning, and penetrate commercial airplanes. According to a study from the Harvard T.H. Chan school of public health, crews of aircraft have higher rates of cancer than the general population. The researchers listed cosmic rays, irregular sleep habits, and chemical contaminants as leading risk factors. Somewhat more controversial studies (#1, #2, #3, #4) link cosmic rays with cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. .Technical notes: The radiation sensors onboard our helium balloons detect X-rays and gamma-rays in the energy range 10 keV to 20 MeV. These energies span the range of medical X-ray machines and airport security scanners. Data points in the first graph ("Stratospheric Radiation") correspond to the peak of the Regener-Pfotzer maximum, which lies about 67,000 feet above central California. When cosmic rays crash into Earth's atmosphere, they produce a spray of secondary particles that is most intense at the entrance to the stratosphere. Physicists Eric Regener and Georg Pfotzer discovered the maximum using balloons in the 1930s and it is what we are measuring today. | | The official U.S. government space weather bureau | | | The first place to look for information about sundogs, pillars, rainbows and related phenomena. | | | Researchers call it a "Hubble for the sun." SDO is the most advanced solar observatory ever. | | | 3D views of the sun from NASA's Solar and Terrestrial Relations Observatory | | | Realtime and archival images of the Sun from SOHO. | | | information about sunspots based on the latest NOAA/USAF Active Region Summary | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | fun to read, but should be taken with a grain of salt! Forecasts looking ahead more than a few days are often wrong. | | | from the NOAA Space Environment Center | | | the underlying science of space weather |  | Going above and beyond to provide the best homes listings in the Comox real estate market to keep you up to date and informed | | BestCSGOGambling is the best site for everything related to CSGO gambling on the web | | To find reviews of new online casino sites in the UK try The Casino DB where there are hundreds of online casino reviews complete with bonuses and ratings. Alternatively, Online-Casinos.xyz is another massive directory of online casinos listing sites for the UK and Worldwide. Casinos that offer Rupees for bonuses are very generous to Indian players. Find the best online casinos in India at AllCasinos.in Looking for a new online casino? Try Casimpo the new site dedicated to making online casino simple, or check out the new Avenger Slots Casino and Ace Online Casino with over 500 online slots and casino games. | | One of the most popular casino games is the Book Of Dead Slot based on ancient Egyptian text, you can find all the casinos with spins at bookofdeadslotsites.com. | | When looking for casinos to play online when the weather is bad, you can try casino online trucchi for Italian games. If you are not from Finland you can try the Swedish page Svenska casino online to find suitable games, check out svenskacasinoonline.net. Always check your local laws before playing with real money. | | Looking for sports betting companies not registered on GamStop? CasinoGap has presented a list of sites not on GamStop available for UK players. Check and bet online! Would you like to bet at sites not using GamStop? Look at a list of NonStopCasino sites for online betting that aren't on GamStop. Top-rated bookmakers ever! | | | These links help Spaceweather.com stay online. Thank you to our supporters! | | | | | | | | |  | | |  | ©2021 Spaceweather.com. All rights reserved. This site is penned daily by Dr. Tony Phillips. | |
